Motor Units and Neuromuscular Junctions

What is a common indication of gross pathologic changes in muscles?

What is a possible cause of dark red mottling of skeletal muscle?

What is the purpose of concentric needle EMG studies?

What is a characteristic of denervated muscle?

What can be a sign of neuromuscular disease?

What can be grossly visible in muscle as discrete, round to oval, pale and slightly firm zones?

What is an indication of a healthy muscle in EMG studies?

What is a type of abnormal spontaneous activity found in denervated muscle?

What is the term for muscle fiber necrosis?

Which of the following is a muscle disease characterized by inflammation?

What is the term for an immune-mediated inflammatory myopathy confined to masticatory muscles in dogs?

What is the term for passage of urine containing large amounts of myoglobin?

What is the term for muscle disease caused by defects in muscle energy metabolism?

What is the term for muscle necrosis caused by a single nonpersistent injury?

What is the term for a muscle fiber?

What is the term for an inherited, progressive myopathy characterized by ongoing myofiber necrosis and regeneration?

What is the outermost layer of connective tissue that encases an entire muscle?

What is the function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum in myofibers?

What is the term for the sarcolemmal invaginations that traverse the cell and allow rapid dispersion of a sarcolemmal action potential?

What is the arrangement of actin and myosin filaments in muscle cells?

What is the function of the connective tissue framework in skeletal muscle?

What is the term for the structure formed by the terminal cisternae of two adjacent sarcomeres and the T tubule?

What is the outer layer surrounding each myofiber?

What is the term for the thin layer of connective tissue containing capillaries that surrounds each myofiber?

What is a result of overloading of hypertrophied fibers?

What is the term for the process by which a myofiber divides into one or more smaller-diameter fibers?

What is a type of cytoarchitectural change that can occur within myofibers?

What is the functional significance of many of the myofiber cytoarchitectural changes?

What can be a manifestation of processes leading to myofiber necrosis?

What is the normal location of myonuclei in mature myofibers in domestic animals?

What can be caused by abnormal storage of carbohydrate or lipid?

What is the term for muscle disease characterized by vacuolar change?

What can be a result of fiber atrophy, fiber hypertrophy, or both?

What is the term used to imply a reduction in the volume of the muscle as a whole or a reduction in the diameter of a myofiber?

What is a cellular process that can be activated to result in muscle atrophy?

What type of fibers are most likely to atrophy under various circumstances?

What is a signaling molecule involved in muscle atrophy?

What is the term used to describe the positive reaction of denervated fibers in alkaline phosphatase and nonspecific esterase preparations?

What is a cause of muscle fiber atrophy?

What is often required for a definitive diagnosis of muscle fiber atrophy?

What is a characteristic of a regenerating fiber?

What is a common finding in chronic myopathic change?

What is a cytoarchitectural change associated with chronic myopathic change?

What is a consequence of fibrosis in locomotory muscles?

What is a characteristic of muscle giant cells?

What is a consequence of collagen deposition in muscle?

What is a feature of regenerating fibers during differentiation?

What is the usual location of muscle nuclei in normal muscle fibers?

What is the cause of phosphofructokinase deficiency in dogs?

Which breed of cat is prone to glycogenosis type IV?

What is the result of absence of erythrocyte phosphofructokinase in dogs?

What is the mode of inheritance of glycogenosis type IV in Norwegian Forest cats?

What is the result of myophosphorylase deficiency in sheep?

What is the characteristic of affected cats with glycogenosis type IV?

What is the test used to detect affected animals and carriers of glycogen storage myopathy?

What is the outcome of phosphofructokinase deficiency in dogs?

What is the primary cause of most inherited myotonic conditions?

Which of the following is a characteristic of metabolic myopathies?

What is the inherited pattern of glycolytic, glycogenolytic, and nonmitochondrial DNA-encoded enzyme defects?

What is the consequence of a deficiency in a glycolytic or glycogenolytic enzyme?

Which of the following types of glycogenoses cause glycogen accumulation in muscle?

What is the inheritance pattern of defects involving mitochondrial DNA-encoded enzymes?

What is the primary function of sarcolemmal ion channels in muscle cells?

What is a common clinical sign of metabolic myopathies?

Which of the following is a characteristic of the progressive inherited myopathy described in the text?

What is the age at which clinical signs of neuromuscular weakness occur in the described disorder?

What is the term for the protein complex affected in other canine muscular dystrophies?

What is the age at which affected dogs exhibit signs of neuromuscular disease in sarcoglycan defects?

What is the mutation responsible for X-linked myotubular myopathy?

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the progressive inherited myopathy described in the text?

What is the impact of this progressive inherited myopathy on the affected animals?

What is the significance of the age of the animal in the appearance of the muscle in this disorder?