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Questions and Answers
What is the main drawback of providing augmented feedback on every trial?
What is the main drawback of providing augmented feedback on every trial?
Which method is NOT mentioned as a way to reduce dependence on augmented feedback?
Which method is NOT mentioned as a way to reduce dependence on augmented feedback?
How does augmented feedback potentially interfere with learning?
How does augmented feedback potentially interfere with learning?
What is the guiding idea behind the guidance hypothesis?
What is the guiding idea behind the guidance hypothesis?
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Which of the following could be considered beneficial for skill acquisition according to the discussed methods?
Which of the following could be considered beneficial for skill acquisition according to the discussed methods?
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What is an example of augmented feedback that provides information about physiological processes?
What is an example of augmented feedback that provides information about physiological processes?
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During what phase is concurrent augmented feedback provided?
During what phase is concurrent augmented feedback provided?
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What impact can concurrent augmented feedback have on learning?
What impact can concurrent augmented feedback have on learning?
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Which of the following questions does NOT pertain to timing issues related to augmented feedback?
Which of the following questions does NOT pertain to timing issues related to augmented feedback?
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What is a potential downside of providing feedback too frequently?
What is a potential downside of providing feedback too frequently?
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Which type of augmented feedback uses instrumentation to inform performers?
Which type of augmented feedback uses instrumentation to inform performers?
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What aspect can help reduce the likelihood of learners relying heavily on concurrent feedback?
What aspect can help reduce the likelihood of learners relying heavily on concurrent feedback?
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What is a key consideration when deciding how soon after performance feedback should be given?
What is a key consideration when deciding how soon after performance feedback should be given?
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What type of feedback provides information about the outcome of an attempt to perform a skill?
What type of feedback provides information about the outcome of an attempt to perform a skill?
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Which type of feedback focuses on the characteristics of the movement that led to a performance outcome?
Which type of feedback focuses on the characteristics of the movement that led to a performance outcome?
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In the soccer throw-in experiment, how many form cues were provided to the participants?
In the soccer throw-in experiment, how many form cues were provided to the participants?
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Which of the following is NOT one of the form cues given to participants in the throw-in experiment?
Which of the following is NOT one of the form cues given to participants in the throw-in experiment?
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What are the primary roles of augmented feedback in skill learning?
What are the primary roles of augmented feedback in skill learning?
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What was the primary method of delivering verbal knowledge of performance in the study?
What was the primary method of delivering verbal knowledge of performance in the study?
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Why were participants given feedback based on their primary form problem?
Why were participants given feedback based on their primary form problem?
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Which type of performance error feedback provides both the description of the error and corrective measures?
Which type of performance error feedback provides both the description of the error and corrective measures?
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What can erroneous augmented feedback lead to during skill acquisition?
What can erroneous augmented feedback lead to during skill acquisition?
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How far away from the target was the throwing distance set for the participants?
How far away from the target was the throwing distance set for the participants?
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Which of the following statements correctly describes qualitative versus quantitative information in augmented feedback?
Which of the following statements correctly describes qualitative versus quantitative information in augmented feedback?
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What is one role of augmented feedback in skill acquisition?
What is one role of augmented feedback in skill acquisition?
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What effect does augmented feedback based on error size have on skill learning?
What effect does augmented feedback based on error size have on skill learning?
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Which of the following reflects a situation where augmented feedback is not necessary?
Which of the following reflects a situation where augmented feedback is not necessary?
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In the context of skill learning, what does KR stand for?
In the context of skill learning, what does KR stand for?
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What could be a consequence of relying solely on augmented feedback?
What could be a consequence of relying solely on augmented feedback?
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What best describes task-intrinsic feedback?
What best describes task-intrinsic feedback?
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Which of the following defines augmented feedback?
Which of the following defines augmented feedback?
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Which example corresponds to Knowledge of Results (KR)?
Which example corresponds to Knowledge of Results (KR)?
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In what scenario would augmented feedback be particularly beneficial?
In what scenario would augmented feedback be particularly beneficial?
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What is a key difference between quantitative and qualitative augmented feedback?
What is a key difference between quantitative and qualitative augmented feedback?
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What is terminal augmented feedback?
What is terminal augmented feedback?
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Which of the following describes terminal augmented feedback?
Which of the following describes terminal augmented feedback?
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Which of the following intervals is included in terminal augmented feedback?
Which of the following intervals is included in terminal augmented feedback?
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What is one effective way to reduce dependency on augmented feedback?
What is one effective way to reduce dependency on augmented feedback?
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What traditional view exists regarding the frequency of presenting augmented feedback?
What traditional view exists regarding the frequency of presenting augmented feedback?
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In which situation would concurrent augmented feedback be detrimental?
In which situation would concurrent augmented feedback be detrimental?
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What is the contemporary view on the frequency of augmented feedback?
What is the contemporary view on the frequency of augmented feedback?
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What can occur during the KR-delay and post-KR intervals?
What can occur during the KR-delay and post-KR intervals?
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What does the term 'KR' refer to in the context of augmented feedback?
What does the term 'KR' refer to in the context of augmented feedback?
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Which study concluded that reduced frequency of knowledge of results enhances learning?
Which study concluded that reduced frequency of knowledge of results enhances learning?
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What is one potential outcome of actively engaging during the KR-delay interval?
What is one potential outcome of actively engaging during the KR-delay interval?
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Study Notes
Chapter 15: Augmented Feedback
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Learning Objectives:
- Distinguish task-intrinsic feedback from augmented feedback in motor skill performance.
- Define knowledge of results (KR) and knowledge of performance (KP) with examples.
- Describe skill learning situations where augmented feedback influences or doesn't influence learning.
- Compare and contrast quantitative and qualitative augmented feedback.
- Detail situations where various augmented feedback types (e.g., video replay, movement kinematics, biofeedback) effectively aid skill learning.
- Identify when concurrent augmented feedback is beneficial or detrimental to skill learning.
- Describe the two time intervals associated with terminal augmented feedback and how their lengths and activity during each affect skill acquisition.
- Explain methods to reduce learner dependence on augmented feedback.
Introduction
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Recall initial experiences with new physical activities and consider:
- Success levels in the first attempts.
- Use of questions/instructor feedback during practice.
- Value of instructor feedback in time and energy savings.
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Practitioners play a critical role providing augmented feedback to aid skill acquisition.
Two Types of Performance-Related Information (Feedback)
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Task-intrinsic feedback:
- Sensory information naturally available during skill performance.
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Augmented feedback:
- Performance-related information added to task-intrinsic feedback.
- Typically from an external source.
Types of Augmented Feedback
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Knowledge of Results (KR):
- Externally provided information about the outcome of a skill attempt.
- Helps distinguish task-intrinsic and augmented feedback effects on learning.
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Knowledge of Performance (KP):
- Information about movement characteristics leading to a performance outcome.
- Can be given verbally or nonverbally.
A Closer Look: Basing Verbal KP on a Skill Analysis
- Example experiment with twelve-year-old soccer players practicing throw-ins.
- Throw-ins aimed at a target 75% of the participant's maximum throwing distance.
- Feedback provided on one of eight technique aspects (form).
- Detailed skill analysis used to identify crucial aspects for form cues.
Roles of Augmented Feedback in Skill Acquisition
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Facilitates skill achievement:
- Helps achieve action goals more quickly or easily.
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Motivates learning:
- Keeps the learner focused on achieving the goal.
- Allows for goal adjustments or activity cessation.
How Essential Is Augmented Feedback for Skill Learning?
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Augmented feedback can be essential, unnecessary, enhance, or hinder skill acquisition, depending on specific situations.
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Further details in textbook needed.
KP must be Meaningful to the Learner
- Key consideration for useful KP feedback.
Five Issues Related to Augmented Feedback Content
- Information about errors versus correct aspects of performance comparison.
- Distinguishing between KR and KP.
- Qualitative versus quantitative information comparison.
- Augmented feedback based on error size.
- Erroneous augmented feedback.
Types of KP
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Verbal KP:
- Practitioner performs skill analysis, determines feedback content.
- Can be descriptive (describes error) or prescriptive (describes error and correction).
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Manual guidance:
- Video replay (Figure 15.4).
- Movement kinetics/kinematics (Figure 15.5).
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Biofeedback:
- Provides information about physiological processes through instrumentation.
Timing Issues Related to Augmented Feedback
- Three important questions:
- When should feedback be given (during or after performance)?
- How soon after performance?
- How frequently during practice sessions?
Concurrent Augmented Feedback
- Augmented feedback provided during skill performance.
- Can negatively affect learning.
- Can enhance learning.
- Feedback variations help reduce dependence on feedback.
Terminal Augmented Feedback
- Feedback provided after the skill performance has finished.
- Two distinct time intervals (KR-delay and post-KR).
- Need a minimum length for each interval.
- Activity during these periods can hinder, aid, or have minimal effect.
Frequency of Presenting Augmented Feedback
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Traditional view:
- Augmented feedback necessary for all trials (100% frequency).
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Contemporary view:
- Recent research suggests reducing frequency.
Theoretical Basis for Current View
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Guidance hypothesis:
- Consistent augmented feedback leads to learning dependence and poorer performance once feedback is removed.
Techniques that Reduce Frequency of Augmented Feedback
- Ways to reduce feedback dependence:
- Interrupting critical cognitive or problem-solving activities for practice.
- Interfering with task-intrinsic feedback interpretation.
- Using performance-oriented feedback restrictions in bandwidths.
- Allowing flexible feedback frequency selection by a learner.
- Using summary and averaged augmented feedback (Figure 15.11).
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Description
Dive into Chapter 15, which focuses on augmented feedback in motor skill performance. You'll learn to differentiate between task-intrinsic and augmented feedback, explore examples of knowledge of results and knowledge of performance, and understand how various types of augmented feedback can influence skill acquisition. This quiz will help solidify your knowledge of key concepts related to skill learning.
