Stanbridge - T4 - Peds - W2 - Typical & Atypical Postnatal Development

The development of motor control is a sequential process that builds upon itself. It evolves from random movements to coordinated and skilled actions.

This stage involves the development of muscle strength and coordination to hold stable postures against gravity. It builds a foundation for movement.

This stage refers to the ability to move the body in a controlled manner within a stable posture. It involves weight shifting and precise control.

This stage involves the development of the most sophisticated movements, combining stability and mobility to perform complex actions. It represents the peak of motor development.

Sensory information plays a crucial role in coordinating movement. It provides feedback to the nervous system, guiding our actions.

Postural control is the ability to maintain upright posture and balance. It develops from head to toe and relies on reflexive and automatic responses.

Automatic postural responses are involuntary movements that help maintain balance and stability. These reflexes develop over time.

Reactions that help the infant maintain a balanced position against gravity. They develop in all postures, starting from prone.

Primitive reflexes that help the infant control their limbs. They occur as the infant tries to maintain balance against gravity. These reflexes develop in a specific order, from head to toe, and persist throughout life.

A type of righting reaction where the infant's head moves to the vertical position when placed on its side.

A critical righting reaction that involves aligning the body's axis with the head position. The infant's entire body will twist to align with the movement of the head.

This righting reaction occurs when the infant is placed on its back. The infant raises its head and turns it to the side, while the body follows. It is essential for rolling over.

This reaction helps the infant keep its hands away from its face when being pulled to a sitting position. It also helps them maintain a vertical position when being pulled to stand. This reflex develops around 6-7 months.

This reflex helps the infant maintain a balanced position when being pulled to a sitting position. It occurs around 9 months.

These reactions occur in different body positions, helping infants maintain balance when being displaced. They are the most advanced and last to develop. They allow the infant to adapt to changes in weight distribution. These reactions rely on righting reactions and incorporate the body's limbs for stability.

This is a highly developed equilibrium reaction that develops around 12-24 months. During this stage, infants learn to control their body weight and maintain balance when standing.

Helps a baby to move between flexion and extension of their limbs, which is important for reaching and grasping.

A type of postural reaction that helps infants maintain balance and stability, especially when losing their equilibrium.

The process of acquiring skills involving movement and interaction with the environment, including posture, mobility, coordination, strength, effort, and energy.

Skills used to complete tasks and solve problems in daily life, involving knowledge, temporal organization, attending to the task at hand, collecting tools, and adapting methods.

A theory of cognitive development that emphasizes the importance of sensory experiences and physical actions in learning and understanding the world.

The first stage of cognitive development, where infants learn by pairing sensory experiences with motor reflexes, leading to intentional actions.

The second stage of cognitive development, where preschoolers develop a more complex understanding of the world, using symbols like language.

The third stage of cognitive development, characterized by the ability to solve concrete problems, using logical thought and classification.

The final stage of cognitive development, where adolescents develop the ability to solve abstract problems using logical reasoning and deduction.

Development occurs in various aspects, not just motor skills, involving cognition, personality, movement, and perception.

The ability to hold the head still and upright, develops around 4 months. This ability allows infants to explore their surroundings and interact with their caregivers.

The ability to roll from their back to their tummy, generally achieved between 6 and 8 months. This skill allows infants to change positions and access different perspectives.

The ability to sit upright without support, typically developing between 6 and 8 months.

A grasping motion where the thumb is added to the other fingers, allowing for precision and the ability to pick up small objects, emerging between 7 and 9 months.

A refined grasping technique using the thumb and index finger tips to pick up very small objects, developing between 9 and 12 months. It allows for precise manipulation of tiny objects.

The feeling of being complete, satisfied, and fulfilled with life, often experienced in late adulthood.

The ability to interact effectively with others, involving communication, information exchange, and relationship building.

The period from birth to 3 months, characterized by rapid lung expansion, increased blood flow efficiency, and development of the central nervous system (CNS) for body regulation.

The period from 4 months onwards, where sleep patterns start becoming more regular, often allowing infants to sleep through the night.

The ability to see details clearly at a distance. Infants are nearsighted at birth, meaning they see best at close distances.

The ability to focus on objects that are close and far away. Infants develop this skill throughout the first year.

The ability to coordinate the movements of both eyes simultaneously. This allows infants to track moving objects and eventually reach for them.

The ability to understand the three-dimensional space around us, allowing us to judge distance and perceive depth. Infants typically develop this skill by 5 months.

The ability to distinguish between different colors. Infants typically develop color vision by 5 months.

The ability to hear sounds clearly and accurately. Infants are born with well-developed hearing and are particularly sensitive to their mother's voice.