Motor Control and Sensory Proprioception MCQ Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What role does efference copy play in the sensory system?

  • It estimates expected sensory consequences based on past experiences. (correct)
  • It only registers actual movements performed without predictions.
  • It provides feedback about current sensory experiences.
  • It solely regulates muscular activity without relation to sensory input.

What is the primary function of Golgi Tendon Organs (GTOs) in the context of proprioception?

  • They provide a sense of body position relative to the environment.
  • They generate signals related to efference copy mechanisms.
  • They sense muscle force and provide awareness of muscular tension. (correct)
  • They sense changes in joint angles during movement.

How does the comparison of expected and actual feedback assist in movement control?

  • It ensures there is no change in muscle tension during movement.
  • It amplifies the sensation of sensory overload.
  • It cancels out signals only when they are mismatched.
  • It updates the body's computation of position when there is a mismatch. (correct)

What is a key aspect of internal models in sensory feedback?

<p>They allow for the adjustment of movements based on learned expectations. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the effects of sensory prediction?

<p>It can lead to enhanced coordination and minimize effort perception. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the efference copy?

<p>To prepare the sensory systems for anticipated motor commands. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which joint receptors are most active during extension of the knee?

<p>Type 4 receptors in the posterior part of the joint capsule. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do joint receptors play in proprioception?

<p>They provide feedback about joint position changes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does joint swelling affect joint receptor activity?

<p>It increases frequency and sensitivity of signaling from joint receptors. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about motor adaptation is true?

<p>It can be influenced by efference copy mechanisms. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected outcome of an efferent signal during movement?

<p>To enhance proprioceptive feedback from the joints. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do Golgi-type endings contribute to proprioception?

<p>They are sensitized during extreme joint positions to indicate limb positioning. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the feed-forward model in sensory prediction?

<p>It allows the CNS to prepare for expected sensory input based on upcoming movements. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the efference copy in the sensory system?

<p>It allows the brain to predict sensations from self-initiated movements. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does proprioception affect the perception of weight over time?

<p>It increases as the motor command affects the muscle tension. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens when a person performs a self-initiated tickle versus receiving an external tickle?

<p>Self-initiated tickle cancels the sensation due to extracted expectation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of internal models in movement?

<p>To simulate future movements and predict sensory outcomes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor causes a change in perception of effort during a weight-holding task?

<p>The central efferent motor commands' adjustments over time. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What evidence supports the role of efference copy in sensory perception?

<p>Lack of predicted sensory expectation causing reduced sensation precision. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential side effect of the efference copy during movement?

<p>Phantom limb sensations in amputees. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the brain utilize feedback in conjunction with feedforward mechanisms during movement?

<p>Feedforward and feedback compare and adjust movement based on desired outcomes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Efference Copy

A copy of a motor command sent to the muscles, used by the brain to predict the expected sensory consequences of that movement.

Proprioception

The sense of body position and movement.

Sensory Afferents

Nerve signals that carry information from the body to the central nervous system (CNS).

GTOs (Golgi Tendon Organs)

Sensory receptors that detect muscle tension and protect muscles and joints from injury.

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Joint Receptors

Sensory receptors that detect joint position and movement, protecting joints from damage.

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Efference Copy

A copy of a motor command sent to the muscles, used to predict the sensory feedback that will result from that movement.

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Proprioception

Our sense of body position and movement.

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Sensory Feedback

Information about the environment and your body's position and movement, received from sensory receptors.

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Internal Model

The brain's representation of how the body works and how movements affect the environment.

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Feedforward

The system anticipates the outcome and prepares the body before an action (prior to feedback).

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Feed-forward & feedback

Combining prediction and feedback to refine movements.

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Phantom Limb

The sensation that an amputated limb is still attached to the body.

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Sense of Effort

The perceived amount of physical exertion required to perform a movement.

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Joint Receptors

Sensory receptors in joints that respond to mechanical changes in position.

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Proprioception

The sense of body position and movement.

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Golgi-type endings

A type of joint receptor sensitive to extreme joint positions.

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Efferent movement

Movement signaled through nervous system from the brain to body parts.

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Efference Copy

A prediction of the sensory signals resulting from movement.

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Motor Commands

Instructions from the brain to muscles for movement.

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Joint Swelling

Inflammation or fluid buildup around a joint, affecting joint receptor sensitivity.

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Movement Velocity

The speed at which a joint moves; more sensitive during higher movement speed.

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Study Notes

Motor Control (MC 3)

  • Proprioception plays a key role in coordinating, guiding/adjusting movement, and producing skilled performance.
  • The experience of the world comes from sensation.
  • Week 3 lecture quiz is available on Canvas at 10 am post-lecture, closes at 8 am pre-lecture of Week 4.
  • The quiz contains 3 Motor Control MCQs and 3 Motor Learning MCQs.
  • Quizzes are aligned with learning outcomes.
  • Two attempts per quiz; highest score recorded.
  • Correct answers are visible after the quiz closes.
  • Each quiz is worth 5% of the assessment (30 total points possible, 6 per quiz).

Sensory Proprioception

  • Proprioception: A key role in coordinating, guiding/adjusting movement, and producing skilled performance.
  • GTOs: Located in series between muscle fibers and tendons, they detect muscle tension (force).
    • Muscle tension = tension in GTO
  • GTO Reflex: Protects muscles and joints from excessive force.
  • Joint Receptors: Activated by joint position changes, firing at any point in the range of motion.
    • Contribute to proprioception and movement awareness.
  • 4 main types: Golgi-Mazzoni corpuscles, Pacinian corpuscles, Ruffini endings, Golgi type endings, and free nerve endings. These vary in response to different aspects of joint movement.
  • Examples of evidence: Physical movement across joint ranges increases the frequency of joint receptor signaling. Joint swelling leads to hyper-activity and sensitivity.

Efference Copy

  • Efference copy: Internal copy of a motor command; includes movement prediction and resulting sensations.
  • Hypothetical Function: Prepares sensory systems for upcoming motor command, with a reference for returning sensory signals from the peripheral system.
  • Provides feed-forward sensory information and enables motor adaptation (movement adjustment).
  • Enables CNS brain areas to alter, suppress or change subsequent responses/movements.
  • Examples: Feeling textures without initial sensory cue, self-initiated tickles vs. external tickles.
  • Side effects: Phantom limb in amputees, sense of effort, change in sense of effort in tasks like holding weight.

Sensory Input

  • Sensory neural activity occurs in different modalities, crucial for movement control.
  • Golgi Tendon Organs (GTOs): Sense muscle force; provide awareness of muscular tension and protect muscles and joints. Help regulate and coordinate muscular activity for proprioception.
  • Joint Receptors: Provide awareness of joint position and potentially injurious flexion/extension.
  • Efference Copy: Provides feed-forward sensory information about movement. Enables movement adjustment (motor adaptation) and alteration, suppression, or change of subsequent movements. It compares expected feedback with actual feedback, which allows for correcting any errors.

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Motor Control & Learning - MC 3 - The University of Sydney PDF

Description

This quiz focuses on the concepts of motor control and sensory proprioception, emphasizing their roles in movement coordination and skilled performance. It consists of multiple-choice questions covering both Motor Control and Motor Learning topics. Prepare to test your understanding and enhance your learning outcomes.

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