Podcast
Questions and Answers
What role does efference copy play in the sensory system?
What is the primary function of Golgi Tendon Organs (GTOs) in the context of proprioception?
How does the comparison of expected and actual feedback assist in movement control?
What is a key aspect of internal models in sensory feedback?
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Which statement accurately describes the effects of sensory prediction?
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What is the primary function of the efference copy?
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Which joint receptors are most active during extension of the knee?
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What role do joint receptors play in proprioception?
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How does joint swelling affect joint receptor activity?
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Which statement about motor adaptation is true?
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What is the expected outcome of an efferent signal during movement?
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How do Golgi-type endings contribute to proprioception?
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What is the significance of the feed-forward model in sensory prediction?
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What is the role of the efference copy in the sensory system?
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How does proprioception affect the perception of weight over time?
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What happens when a person performs a self-initiated tickle versus receiving an external tickle?
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What is the main purpose of internal models in movement?
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Which factor causes a change in perception of effort during a weight-holding task?
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What evidence supports the role of efference copy in sensory perception?
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What is a potential side effect of the efference copy during movement?
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How does the brain utilize feedback in conjunction with feedforward mechanisms during movement?
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Study Notes
Motor Control (MC 3)
- Proprioception plays a key role in coordinating, guiding/adjusting movement, and producing skilled performance.
- The experience of the world comes from sensation.
- Week 3 lecture quiz is available on Canvas at 10 am post-lecture, closes at 8 am pre-lecture of Week 4.
- The quiz contains 3 Motor Control MCQs and 3 Motor Learning MCQs.
- Quizzes are aligned with learning outcomes.
- Two attempts per quiz; highest score recorded.
- Correct answers are visible after the quiz closes.
- Each quiz is worth 5% of the assessment (30 total points possible, 6 per quiz).
Sensory Proprioception
- Proprioception: A key role in coordinating, guiding/adjusting movement, and producing skilled performance.
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GTOs: Located in series between muscle fibers and tendons, they detect muscle tension (force).
- Muscle tension = tension in GTO
- GTO Reflex: Protects muscles and joints from excessive force.
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Joint Receptors: Activated by joint position changes, firing at any point in the range of motion.
- Contribute to proprioception and movement awareness.
- 4 main types: Golgi-Mazzoni corpuscles, Pacinian corpuscles, Ruffini endings, Golgi type endings, and free nerve endings. These vary in response to different aspects of joint movement.
- Examples of evidence: Physical movement across joint ranges increases the frequency of joint receptor signaling. Joint swelling leads to hyper-activity and sensitivity.
Efference Copy
- Efference copy: Internal copy of a motor command; includes movement prediction and resulting sensations.
- Hypothetical Function: Prepares sensory systems for upcoming motor command, with a reference for returning sensory signals from the peripheral system.
- Provides feed-forward sensory information and enables motor adaptation (movement adjustment).
- Enables CNS brain areas to alter, suppress or change subsequent responses/movements.
- Examples: Feeling textures without initial sensory cue, self-initiated tickles vs. external tickles.
- Side effects: Phantom limb in amputees, sense of effort, change in sense of effort in tasks like holding weight.
Sensory Input
- Sensory neural activity occurs in different modalities, crucial for movement control.
- Golgi Tendon Organs (GTOs): Sense muscle force; provide awareness of muscular tension and protect muscles and joints. Help regulate and coordinate muscular activity for proprioception.
- Joint Receptors: Provide awareness of joint position and potentially injurious flexion/extension.
- Efference Copy: Provides feed-forward sensory information about movement. Enables movement adjustment (motor adaptation) and alteration, suppression, or change of subsequent movements. It compares expected feedback with actual feedback, which allows for correcting any errors.
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Description
This quiz focuses on the concepts of motor control and sensory proprioception, emphasizing their roles in movement coordination and skilled performance. It consists of multiple-choice questions covering both Motor Control and Motor Learning topics. Prepare to test your understanding and enhance your learning outcomes.