Motor and Human Muscle Systems Overview

<p>It increases their number, enhancing ATP production. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Muscles can function well, but brain tissue cannot. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Converting chemical energy (ATP) into kinetic energy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cardiac muscle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They contract voluntarily (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Supporting organs and bones (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cardiac muscle cells have striations and are branched (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To support their extensive length and high energy demands (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By breaking down ATP and releasing heat (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Muscles can only pull and require an opposing muscle to relax (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Myofibrils (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They trigger the movement of tropomyosin away from myosin binding sites. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It shortens. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endomysium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To store oxygen for muscle contractions. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The basic functional unit of a muscle composed of myofilaments. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ATP (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A band (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are actively transported back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Muscles become stiff due to unattached actin-myosin cross-bridges. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Highly specialized cells that convert chemical energy (ATP) into kinetic energy, responsible for movement and other bodily functions.

Long, tapered cells arranged in sheets, non-striated, involuntary, found in walls of arteries and internal organs. Contracts slowly but can sustain contraction without fatigue.

Striated, tubular, and branched cells, involuntary, found only in the heart. Contracts rhythmically to pump blood throughout the body.

Striated and tubular cells, voluntary, attached to bones of the skeleton. Responsible for movement, support, and temperature regulation.

The ability of a muscle to shorten and exert force. This is how muscles generate movement and power.

When a muscle relaxes, it returns to its original length. This is a passive process that does not require energy.

Pairs of muscles that work together to create movement. One muscle contracts to create an action, while the other muscle relaxes to allow the movement to occur.

The breakdown of ATP in muscles releases heat, which helps to regulate body temperature.

Creatine phosphate is a quick source of energy for muscles during intense activity. It stores energy that can be quickly converted to ATP for muscle contractions.

Aerobic cellular respiration is the primary way your body produces ATP for most activities. It uses oxygen to break down glucose and fatty acids, generating energy efficiently.

Fermentation is a backup energy source for muscles when oxygen is limited. It produces ATP quickly but less efficiently, and creates lactic acid as a byproduct.

Oxygen deficit occurs when muscles rely on fermentation for energy due to insufficient oxygen. It leads to a buildup of lactic acid, causing muscle fatigue and pain.

Myoglobin is a protein found in muscle cells that stores oxygen. It can provide oxygen for the mitochondria to use for aerobic respiration, which is the main energy production process.

The main functional unit of a muscle fibre, containing both actin and myosin filaments, responsible for muscle contraction.

The membrane surrounding each muscle fibre, regulating the entry and exit of substances.

The cytoplasm of a muscle fibre, where metabolic processes occur, containing myoglobin and glycogen.

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in muscle fibres, responsible for storing calcium ions.

The thin myofilament in a sarcomere, composed of two strands of actin protein molecules wrapped around each other.

The thick myofilament in a sarcomere, composed of two strands of myosin protein molecules wound around each other.

The process where actin filaments slide past myosin filaments, shortening the sarcomere and causing muscle contraction.

A protein in muscle fibres that blocks myosin binding sites on actin when a muscle is relaxed.

A protein in muscle fibres that binds to tropomyosin and is regulated by calcium ions, affecting the binding of myosin to actin.