Podcast
Questions and Answers
What are the cognitive and behavioral strategies aimed at when protecting a valued goal?
What are the cognitive and behavioral strategies aimed at when protecting a valued goal?
- Enhancing negative thoughts
- Counteracting temptations (correct)
- Encouraging distractions
- Promoting temptations
Individuals automatically activate temptation-related thoughts in response to goal cues.
Individuals automatically activate temptation-related thoughts in response to goal cues.
False (B)
What does precommitment entail in behavioral strategies?
What does precommitment entail in behavioral strategies?
Pursuing goals and forgoing temptation.
These self-control processes can benefit individuals' long-term interests, either __________ or without conscious awareness.
These self-control processes can benefit individuals' long-term interests, either __________ or without conscious awareness.
What is the result of our behavior each day?
What is the result of our behavior each day?
How is a goal defined?
How is a goal defined?
Can the desired end state of a goal be clearly defined?
Can the desired end state of a goal be clearly defined?
What underlies all our goals?
What underlies all our goals?
What is motivation?
What is motivation?
What can intrinsic motivation stem from?
What can intrinsic motivation stem from?
What can extrinsic motivation come from?
What can extrinsic motivation come from?
What motivates a student who works hard because learning is pleasing?
What motivates a student who works hard because learning is pleasing?
What motivates a student to get good grades?
What motivates a student to get good grades?
What do social psychologists recognize about goal pursuit?
What do social psychologists recognize about goal pursuit?
What are the products of goal pursuit and motivations?
What are the products of goal pursuit and motivations?
What can activate or prime a goal?
What can activate or prime a goal?
What does conscious activation involve?
What does conscious activation involve?
What is nonconscious goal pursuit?
What is nonconscious goal pursuit?
What does commitment to a goal stem from?
What does commitment to a goal stem from?
One's commitment = the ______ of the goal × the ________ it will be achieved.
One's commitment = the ______ of the goal × the ________ it will be achieved.
What can the process of committing to a goal occur without?
What can the process of committing to a goal occur without?
How do people learn about themselves?
How do people learn about themselves?
What intrinsic motivation might someone feel while working on a Mars mission?
What intrinsic motivation might someone feel while working on a Mars mission?
After a kickboxing class, what might you infer about your own commitment?
After a kickboxing class, what might you infer about your own commitment?
What influences adherence to a goal in any given context?
What influences adherence to a goal in any given context?
What might people sometimes order to keep up with dietary goals?
What might people sometimes order to keep up with dietary goals?
How is each goal connected?
How is each goal connected?
What do each goal have corresponding to help achieve it?
What do each goal have corresponding to help achieve it?
What can cues related to a goal activate?
What can cues related to a goal activate?
What happens to motivation after goal priming?
What happens to motivation after goal priming?
What influence does the presence of a training partner have?
What influence does the presence of a training partner have?
What aspects can the activation of a goal influence?
What aspects can the activation of a goal influence?
What fundamental aspect can motivational states alter?
What fundamental aspect can motivational states alter?
What can goals exert strong influence on?
What can goals exert strong influence on?
What do individuals striving to quench their thirst rate more positively?
What do individuals striving to quench their thirst rate more positively?
How do people evaluate goal-relevant objects?
How do people evaluate goal-relevant objects?
What effect can achievement-related words have on performance?
What effect can achievement-related words have on performance?
What can priming a goal lead to?
What can priming a goal lead to?
What does self-regulation refer to?
What does self-regulation refer to?
What is one way someone might alter their actions to assist goal attainment?
What is one way someone might alter their actions to assist goal attainment?
What must a person decide in the deliberative phase of self-regulation?
What must a person decide in the deliberative phase of self-regulation?
What mindset fosters effective assessment of goals?
What mindset fosters effective assessment of goals?
What occurs in the second stage of self-regulation?
What occurs in the second stage of self-regulation?
One tends to be _______ and ______ about available goals to pursue.
One tends to be _______ and ______ about available goals to pursue.
What can scrutiny of one's choices sometimes hinder?
What can scrutiny of one's choices sometimes hinder?
What should be considered when deliberating on a goal?
What should be considered when deliberating on a goal?
What two distinct self-regulatory orientations are distinguished?
What two distinct self-regulatory orientations are distinguished?
What mindset does a person have in the implemental phase?
What mindset does a person have in the implemental phase?
What might one do to follow a health goal?
What might one do to follow a health goal?
What characterizes prevention-focused individuals regarding their goals?
What characterizes prevention-focused individuals regarding their goals?
What does a prevention focus emphasize?
What does a prevention focus emphasize?
How do promotion-focused individuals view their goals?
How do promotion-focused individuals view their goals?
What does a promotion focus view goals as?
What does a promotion focus view goals as?
What kind of strategy does promotion lead to?
What kind of strategy does promotion lead to?
Why do promotion-focused people save money?
Why do promotion-focused people save money?
Why do prevention-focused people save money?
Why do prevention-focused people save money?
What will emphasize potential losses motivate?
What will emphasize potential losses motivate?
What will emphasizing potential gains motivate?
What will emphasizing potential gains motivate?
What does self-regulation depend on?
What does self-regulation depend on?
What happens after determining the gap in self-regulation?
What happens after determining the gap in self-regulation?
What does the discrepancy relate to in goal pursuit?
What does the discrepancy relate to in goal pursuit?
What creates a signal of positive feelings in the cybernetic process?
What creates a signal of positive feelings in the cybernetic process?
What negative feelings may lower the rate of closing the gap?
What negative feelings may lower the rate of closing the gap?
How might you feel if nearly finished with a project?
How might you feel if nearly finished with a project?
What do positive feelings tend to make individuals do?
What do positive feelings tend to make individuals do?
What results from perceived value and attainability of a goal?
What results from perceived value and attainability of a goal?
How might you feel the day before a project's due?
How might you feel the day before a project's due?
What can looking back on goal progress inform?
What can looking back on goal progress inform?
What does progress describe in goal pursuit?
What does progress describe in goal pursuit?
What do people tend to prioritize after achieving a goal?
What do people tend to prioritize after achieving a goal?
What can happen when people interpret previous actions as a sign of progress?
What can happen when people interpret previous actions as a sign of progress?
What motivates individuals to continue behaving financially responsibly?
What motivates individuals to continue behaving financially responsibly?
What does greater confidence in commitment often lead to?
What does greater confidence in commitment often lead to?
What might you feel if you view buying a sale item as progress toward saving money?
What might you feel if you view buying a sale item as progress toward saving money?
What do we encounter in the pursuit of our goals?
What do we encounter in the pursuit of our goals?
What is self-control?
What is self-control?
What does self-control involve?
What does self-control involve?
What is a process requiring self-control during distractions?
What is a process requiring self-control during distractions?
How is self-control akin to a muscle?
How is self-control akin to a muscle?
What leads to greater cognitive and social competence throughout life?
What leads to greater cognitive and social competence throughout life?
What did researchers find about children who could wait longer for a treat?
What did researchers find about children who could wait longer for a treat?
What can deplete individuals of resources during goal pursuit?
What can deplete individuals of resources during goal pursuit?
What does ego-depletion refer to?
What does ego-depletion refer to?
What were participants who resisted temptation in a study less likely to do?
What were participants who resisted temptation in a study less likely to do?
What does exerting self-control reduce?
What does exerting self-control reduce?
What is vital for successful exercise of self-control?
What is vital for successful exercise of self-control?
What is required to pursue goals in the presence of temptation?
What is required to pursue goals in the presence of temptation?
What happens if you don't recognize contradictions to long-term goals?
What happens if you don't recognize contradictions to long-term goals?
What do everyday temptations often seem to have?
What do everyday temptations often seem to have?
When are people more likely to recognize self-control conflicts?
When are people more likely to recognize self-control conflicts?
What do consistent temptations become when viewed in a broader context?
What do consistent temptations become when viewed in a broader context?
What increases the likelihood of conflict identification?
What increases the likelihood of conflict identification?
What does cognitive process involve in self-regulation?
What does cognitive process involve in self-regulation?
Study Notes
Goals and Motivation
- Behavior daily stems from numerous goals individuals aim to achieve.
- A goal represents a desired outcome, revealing how individuals envision their ideal situations.
- Goals may be clearly defined, like reaching Mars, or abstract, such as leading a healthy lifestyle.
- Motivation underpins all goal-directed behaviors, acting as the psychological force driving actions toward goals.
Types of Motivation
- Intrinsic motivation arises from the enjoyment of the goal pursuit itself, such as learning.
- Extrinsic motivation stems from the benefits of achieving goals, like the prestige of being the first on Mars.
Goal Pursuit
- Goal pursuit is influenced by both personality traits and external situational factors.
- Environmental cues, like images or sounds, can activate or prime specific goals in an individual’s mind.
- Activation of a goal can occur with conscious awareness or can be nonconscious, where individuals are unaware of their motivation.
Commitment to Goals
- Commitment is linked to the perceived value and feasibility of reaching a goal; individuals prefer goals that promise positive outcomes.
- The formula for commitment is the value of the goal multiplied by the expectancy of achieving it.
- Commitment can develop without thorough deliberation, often leading individuals to learn about their preferences through observation of their own behaviors.
Environmental Influences
- The immediate environment affects goal adherence, with situational cues renewing motivation and guiding goal-related behavior.
- Goals are interconnected, often linked to means or actions aiding the attainment of those goals.
Motivation and Perception
- Goal activation can significantly affect behavior perceptions, evaluations, and emotional responses.
- Motivational states can alter fundamental aspects such as visual perception, influencing how individuals assess their environment and its relevance to their goals.
Self-Regulation and Control
- Self-regulation involves adjusting perceptions, feelings, and actions towards a goal.
- Self-control allows individuals to manage impulses and desires to align with long-term goals, like health or financial stability.
- Self-control operates like a muscle; it can be fatigued through use but strengthened over time.
Development of Self-Control
- Research indicates persistent self-control leads to better cognitive and social outcomes over a lifetime.
- Individuals who exhibit higher self-control in childhood tend to perform better socially and academically in adolescence.
Self-Control Conflicts
- Identification of self-control conflicts is crucial to navigating temptations; if individuals fail to recognize links between actions and long-term goals, they risk deviating from their objectives.
- Successful goal pursuit amid temptation involves recognizing impulses that require management.
Behavioral Strategies
- Cognitive strategies include diminishing the allure of temptations while enhancing the value of goal-consistent actions.
- Precommitment strategies, such as leaving credit cards at home, help curb temptations.
- Behavioral approaches might involve establishing rewards for goal achievement and penalties for indulgence, reinforcing self-discipline.
Influence of Goals on Behavior
- The pursuit of goals can shape individuals’ evaluations and attitudes toward their surroundings, altering perceptions positively or negatively based on goal relevance.
- People often reinterpret previous actions as indicators of commitment or progress, which affects future behaviors toward their goals.
Studying That Suits You
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Description
This quiz features flashcards focusing on the concepts of motives and goals in psychology. Each card presents a key term or definition related to how we set and perceive our goals. Ideal for anyone studying psychology or looking to enhance their understanding of motivation theories.
