Motivational Interviewing: Key Concepts

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Questions and Answers

Who developed the concept of motivational interviewing?

William Miller in 1983

Why did he develop it?

To address and intervene with problem drinkers

What is the goal of motivational interviewing?

Enhance the patient's motivation for behavior change and explore their mixed feelings.

What is motivational interviewing?

Communicating constructively about reducing health risks and changing behavior. Signup and view all the answers

What is it designed to do?

Enhance the client's own motivation to change using strategies that are empathetic and non-confrontational. Signup and view all the answers

How should we act towards patients when using motivational interviewing?

Empathetic of their problems and non-confrontational. Signup and view all the answers

What is the clinician's goal in MI?

Understand where the patient is coming from and let them find their own solutions. Signup and view all the answers

What are the 4 key elements of MI?

Collaboration or partnership, compassion, encourage patient to disclose info, respect autonomy. Signup and view all the answers

What is ambivalence?

The co-existence of opposing attitudes or feelings. Signup and view all the answers

How does MI help ambivalence?

Guides the person to understand their ambivalence so they can resolve it. Signup and view all the answers

What is change talk?

A critical element in MI that helps the patient understand how their actions affect outcomes. Signup and view all the answers

Is everyone motivated right away?

False Signup and view all the answers

What are the 5 stages of the 'change model'?

Precontemplation, contemplation, determination, action, maintenance. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary task if a patient is in the precontemplative stage?

Raising awareness of the problem. Signup and view all the answers

How do we raise awareness?

Offer factual info, explore what brought them in today, and discuss previous efforts. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary task in the contemplative stage?

Resolving ambivalence and helping the person choose to make the change. Signup and view all the answers

How can we help in the process of contemplation?

Talk about self-efficacy, summarize motivational statements, and explore pros and cons. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary task of the determination stage?

Identifying appropriate change strategies. Signup and view all the answers

How can we help in the determination stage?

Offer options, identify pros and cons, lower barriers, and enlist social support. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary task of the action stage?

Help implement the change strategies and limit potential relapses. Signup and view all the answers

How can we help in the action stage?

Support a realistic view of change through small steps and find coping strategies. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary task of the maintenance stage?

Development of new skills for maintaining recovery. Signup and view all the answers

How can we help in the maintenance stage?

Help identify alternative behaviors and encourage developing escape plans. Signup and view all the answers

What are the elements of motivational interviewing?

MI spirit, MI principles, OARS, and change talk. Signup and view all the answers

What is MI spirit?

A collaborative and evocative approach that honors autonomy. Signup and view all the answers

What are the four principles of MI?

Empathy, discrepancy, roll with resistance, support self-efficacy. Signup and view all the answers

What does being empathic involve?

Identifying and understanding what the patient is going through. Signup and view all the answers

What are the benefits of expressing empathy?

Improves patient rapport and increases openness to change. Signup and view all the answers

What is discrepancy?

Helping the patient understand the disconnect between their desires and actions. Signup and view all the answers

How can we help to develop these?

By asking open-ended questions that encourage deeper reflection. Signup and view all the answers

Is resistance normal?

True Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the best methods for rolling with resistance?

Reflective listening. Signup and view all the answers

What is self-efficacy?

A person's belief in their ability to perform a specific task. Signup and view all the answers

How can we support self-efficacy?

By providing support and believing in the patient's ability to change. Signup and view all the answers

What is OARS?

Open-ended questions, affirmations, reflective listening, summaries. Signup and view all the answers

Affirmation includes what?

Saying how appreciative you are and paying compliments. Signup and view all the answers

How do we exercise reflective listening?

Paraphrase what the patient said and validate their feelings. Signup and view all the answers

What are some types of reflective listening?

Repetition, reflection of a feeling, or rephrasing. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Motivational Interviewing Overview

Developed by William Miller in 1983 to address problem drinking.
Aims to enhance patient motivation for behavioral change and explore mixed feelings.

Goals and Principles

Focuses on constructive communication about reducing health risks and changing behavior.
Affirms patient autonomy and encourages self-direction.
Designed to enhance client motivation using empathetic and non-confrontational strategies.

Approach to Patients

Employ empathy and non-confrontational attitudes while being persuasive and supportive.
Use guiding questions to explore patients' feelings and solutions without directing them.

Key Elements and Concepts

Four key elements: collaboration, compassion, encouraging information disclosure, and respecting patient autonomy.
Ambivalence refers to conflicting feelings, such as loving unhealthy food but wanting to be fit.
Change talk highlights the impact of actions on desired outcomes, encouraging patients to articulate their steps towards change.

Motivation Dynamics

Not all individuals are immediately motivated to change; willingness can stem from distress and a desire for help.
Five stages of change model: precontemplation, contemplation, determination, action, and maintenance.

Stage-Specific Tasks

Precontemplation: Raise awareness of the problem through factual information and examination of past efforts.
Contemplation: Resolve ambivalence by discussing self-efficacy and pros/cons.
Determination: Identify change strategies by offering options and lowering barriers.
Action: Implement change strategies while supporting realism and identifying relapse risks.
Maintenance: Develop skills for recovery and set new goals.

Elements of Motivational Interviewing

MI spirit captures a collaborative, evocative style respecting autonomy.
Four principles: empathy, recognizing discrepancy, rolling with resistance, and supporting self-efficacy.

Techniques Utilized

Practice empathy through non-judgmental understanding and open-ended questions.
Discrepancy helps patients see the gap between their desires and actions.
Resistance is normal and should be addressed with reflective listening to validate feelings.

OARS Techniques

OARS: Stands for Open-ended questions, Affirmations, Reflective listening, and Summaries.
Affirmations include expressing appreciation and complimenting patients.
Reflective listening involves paraphrasing and validating patient comments, crucial to facilitating change.

Summary

Motivational interviewing is a patient-centered approach aimed at fostering change through empathy, understanding, and structured guidance across various stages of readiness for change.

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Description

This quiz covers essential concepts related to motivational interviewing, developed by William Miller in 1983. It explores the reasons behind its creation and the primary goals of the technique. Perfect for students or professionals wanting to deepen their understanding of patient communication.