33 Questions
What is a key characteristic of a personality trait according to the chapter?
It is consistently expressed across different situations
Which of the Big Five personality traits is associated with being organized and reliable?
Conscientiousness
According to the psychodynamic perspective, what is the role of the ego?
To perceive and interact with the outside world
What is the purpose of defense mechanisms in the psychodynamic perspective?
To deny or distort reality in some way
What is the main difference between central traits and secondary traits?
Central traits are more important, while secondary traits are less important
What is the primary method of measuring personality mentioned in the chapter?
Self-reports
What is the primary driving force behind human behavior according to the concept of internal motivation?
Unfulfilled human fundamental needs
According to Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which level is most focused on personal growth and fulfillment?
Self-Actualization
What is the term for the state of physiological or psychological balance or equilibrium?
Homeostasis
What is the primary role of the parasympathetic system in emotions?
Returning the body to a relaxed state
What is the term for the conscious awareness of an emotion?
Subjective experience
What is the primary focus of the two-factor theory of emotion?
Cognitive interpretation and emotional labeling
What is the underlying assumption of environmental therapies?
People's actions are based on learning, conditioning, and past experiences
What is the primary goal of token economies in therapy?
To increase desirable behavior through reinforcement
What is the purpose of systematic desensitization in therapy?
To help individuals overcome phobias through gradual exposure
What type of thinking is characterized by extreme and absolute attitudes?
Black-and-white thinking
What is the purpose of reinforcement in environmental therapies?
To increase desirable behavior
What is the tendency to attribute another person's behavior to their internal disposition?
Fundamental attribution error
What is the phenomenon where individuals are less likely to help another person in need when other bystanders are present?
Bystander effect
What is the term for when people adjust their behaviors, opinions, or feelings to what others are doing or adhere to cultural norms?
Conformity
What is the phenomenon where people in a group stop thinking critically?
Group think
What is the term for when a person is less likely to take responsibility for an action or inaction when others are present?
Diffusion of responsibility
What is the study where participants conformed to the majority's incorrect answer in a 'vision test'?
Asch line estimation study
What type of social influence involves conforming because we believe others know something we don’t?
Informational social influence
What is the term for behavior, thoughts, or feelings that differ from the norm?
Deviance
What is the term for a cluster of related symptoms?
Syndrome
What is the bio-psycho-social model of psychological disorders?
Mental disorders are caused by the interaction of biological, psychological, and environmental risk factors
What is the primary symptom of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)?
Excessive and chronic worry
What is the primary symptom of panic disorder?
Recurrent and terrifying panic attacks
What is the primary symptom of dissociative identity disorder (DID)?
Presence of two or more identities or personalities
What is the primary symptom of social anxiety disorder (social phobia)?
Fear of being judged
What is the primary symptom of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?
Compelling need to perform ritualistic, repetitive behavior
What is the primary symptom of depression (Major Depressive Disorder – MDD)?
Pervasive low mood, lack of motivation, and feelings of worthlessness
Explore the concepts of internal motivation, drive, and homeostasis in relation to human needs. Learn how unfulfilled needs disrupt equilibrium and propel behavior to meet those needs.
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