Motivation and Drive: Understanding Human Needs
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Questions and Answers

What is a key characteristic of a personality trait according to the chapter?

  • It is only expressed in specific situations
  • It is consistently expressed across different situations (correct)
  • It is only a temporary behavior
  • It is unique to a particular culture

    • Which of the Big Five personality traits is associated with being organized and reliable?

  • Conscientiousness (correct)
  • Agreeableness
  • Extraversion
  • Openness

    • According to the psychodynamic perspective, what is the role of the ego?

  • To internalize morals and norms of society
  • To monitor and control behavior
  • To perceive and interact with the outside world (correct)
  • To express impulses and desires

    • What is the purpose of defense mechanisms in the psychodynamic perspective?

    <p>To deny or distort reality in some way</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between central traits and secondary traits?

    <p>Central traits are more important, while secondary traits are less important</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method of measuring personality mentioned in the chapter?

    <p>Self-reports</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary driving force behind human behavior according to the concept of internal motivation?

    <p>Unfulfilled human fundamental needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which level is most focused on personal growth and fulfillment?

    <p>Self-Actualization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the state of physiological or psychological balance or equilibrium?

    <p>Homeostasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the parasympathetic system in emotions?

    <p>Returning the body to a relaxed state</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the conscious awareness of an emotion?

    <p>Subjective experience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the two-factor theory of emotion?

    <p>Cognitive interpretation and emotional labeling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the underlying assumption of environmental therapies?

    <p>People's actions are based on learning, conditioning, and past experiences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of token economies in therapy?

    <p>To increase desirable behavior through reinforcement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of systematic desensitization in therapy?

    <p>To help individuals overcome phobias through gradual exposure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of thinking is characterized by extreme and absolute attitudes?

    <p>Black-and-white thinking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of reinforcement in environmental therapies?

    <p>To increase desirable behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the tendency to attribute another person's behavior to their internal disposition?

    <p>Fundamental attribution error</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the phenomenon where individuals are less likely to help another person in need when other bystanders are present?

    <p>Bystander effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for when people adjust their behaviors, opinions, or feelings to what others are doing or adhere to cultural norms?

    <p>Conformity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the phenomenon where people in a group stop thinking critically?

    <p>Group think</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for when a person is less likely to take responsibility for an action or inaction when others are present?

    <p>Diffusion of responsibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the study where participants conformed to the majority's incorrect answer in a 'vision test'?

    <p>Asch line estimation study</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of social influence involves conforming because we believe others know something we don’t?

    <p>Informational social influence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for behavior, thoughts, or feelings that differ from the norm?

    <p>Deviance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a cluster of related symptoms?

    <p>Syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the bio-psycho-social model of psychological disorders?

    <p>Mental disorders are caused by the interaction of biological, psychological, and environmental risk factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary symptom of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)?

    <p>Excessive and chronic worry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary symptom of panic disorder?

    <p>Recurrent and terrifying panic attacks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary symptom of dissociative identity disorder (DID)?

    <p>Presence of two or more identities or personalities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary symptom of social anxiety disorder (social phobia)?

    <p>Fear of being judged</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary symptom of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?

    <p>Compelling need to perform ritualistic, repetitive behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary symptom of depression (Major Depressive Disorder – MDD)?

    <p>Pervasive low mood, lack of motivation, and feelings of worthlessness</p> Signup and view all the answers

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