Motion of Particles Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

How do we know particles are moving all the time?

We know particles are moving because of diffusion.

What happens to the motion of particles as temperature increases?

Particle motion increases when temperature increases.

What happens to the motion of particles as temperature decreases?

Particle motion decreases when temperature decreases.

What happens to volume when we increase or decrease the temperature?

Volume increases when temperature increases and volume decreases when temperature decreases. Signup and view all the answers

Why does volume change when temperature is increased or decreased?

The distance between the particles increases with heat and this is called expansion. When cooled, the distance of particles decreases and this is called contraction. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the motion of particles in a solid.

Particles in a solid are tightly packed and have limited movement. Particles in a solid vibrate. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the motion of particles in a liquid.

Particles in a liquid are more loosely packed and can flow around each other. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the motion of particles in a gas.

Particles in a gas are far apart and can move about freely. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the motion of particles in a solid when it's heated.

When the particles of a solid are heated, they move faster, move farther apart and take up more room. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the motion of particles in a liquid when it's heated.

When the particles of a liquid are heated, they move faster, move farther apart and take up more room. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the motion of particles in a gas when it's heated.

When heated, particles in a gas move more quickly in all directions and take up more room. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the motion of particles in a gas and liquid when they are exposed to cold.

When exposed to cold temperatures, the particles lose energy and move more slowly. Signup and view all the answers

Describe a solid.

Particles in a solid are tightly packed, usually in a regular pattern. Particles in a solid can vibrate, but not move past each other. Solids have a definite shape and definite volume. Signup and view all the answers

Describe a liquid.

Particles in a liquid are close together with no regular pattern. Particles in a liquid flow and can easily move past one another. A liquid will take on the shape of whatever container it is in. A liquid has no definite shape. Signup and view all the answers

Describe a gas.

Particles in a gas are far apart with no regular pattern. A gas has no definite shape or volume. It will occupy the volume of whatever container it is in. Signup and view all the answers

What is diffusion?

Diffusion is when particles move from one area to another area. They start out strong and get weaker as they move. Signup and view all the answers

What are some examples of diffusion?

Spraying perfume, diluting drink mix in water, the smell of food cooking, a paint brush in water, stinky cheese. Signup and view all the answers

What are some things that influence diffusion?

Time, temperature, particle size, and distance. Signup and view all the answers

What are some problems caused by expansion and contraction?

Substances expand or get bigger when they are heated up. They contract or get smaller when they are cooled down. If this is not accounted for during construction, things can crack and break. Signup and view all the answers

What are some ways engineers address expansion and contraction?

In bridges, joints are added that can expand and contract more easily than steel or concrete. Sidewalks are poured in sections to allow them to expand and contract in hot or cold weather. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Particle Motion and Temperature

Particles are always in motion, demonstrated through diffusion, as seen in the perfume experiment.
As temperature increases, particle motion increases, leading to greater kinetic energy.
Conversely, when temperature decreases, particle motion slows down, resulting in lower kinetic energy.

Volume and Temperature Relationship

Volume expands when temperature increases due to the increased distance between particles, called thermal expansion.
Volume contracts when temperature decreases as particles move closer together, a phenomenon known as contraction.

Particle Motion in Different States

In solids, particles are tightly packed, have limited movement, and primarily vibrate in place.
In liquids, particles are more loosely packed, allowing them to flow around each other while maintaining a definite volume.
In gases, particles are far apart and move freely, occupying the volume of their container.

Effects of Heating on Particle Motion

Heating a solid increases the speed of particle movement, causing them to move farther apart and expand.
Heating a liquid results in faster particle movement and greater spacing, increasing volume.
In gases, heating causes particles to move more quickly in all directions and expand further.

Effects of Cooling on Particle Motion

Exposure to cold temperatures results in loss of energy, causing both gas and liquid particles to move more slowly.

Characteristics of Matter

Solids have a definite shape and volume, with closely packed particles that can only vibrate (e.g., ice).
Liquids take the shape of their container, with particles that can flow past one another but are still close together (e.g., water).
Gases possess neither definite shape nor volume and will occupy the volume of their container (e.g., steam).

Understanding Diffusion

Diffusion occurs when particles move from areas of high concentration to low concentration, becoming weaker as they spread out.
Examples of diffusion include the scent of sprayed perfume and the aroma of food while cooking.

Factors Influencing Diffusion

Time: More time allows for greater diffusion.
Temperature: Higher temperatures increase diffusion rates by providing more energy to particles.
Particle Size: Smaller particles diffuse faster than larger ones.
Distance: Shorter distances result in quicker diffusion.

Expansion and Contraction in Engineering

Expansion and contraction can lead to structural issues if not properly managed during construction.
Engineers implement joints in bridges to accommodate expansion and contraction of materials.
Sidewalks are constructed in sections to allow for movement during temperature changes, preventing buckling and breakage.

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Description

Explore the fundamentals of particle motion with these flashcards. Each card presents a key concept about how particles behave in different situations, such as temperature changes and diffusion. Perfect for students learning about physics or chemistry.