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Questions and Answers
What is the term used for the shortest distance between the initial and final positions of an object?
What is the term used for the shortest distance between the initial and final positions of an object?
What type of quantity is velocity?
What type of quantity is velocity?
Which equation represents the first equation of motion?
Which equation represents the first equation of motion?
What kind of motion is indicated by a straight line on a distance-time graph?
What kind of motion is indicated by a straight line on a distance-time graph?
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What is the rate of change of velocity with respect to time?
What is the rate of change of velocity with respect to time?
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What does a straight line on an acceleration-time graph indicate?
What does a straight line on an acceleration-time graph indicate?
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In the second equation of motion $s = ut + \frac{1}{2}at^2$, what does $u$ represent?
In the second equation of motion $s = ut + \frac{1}{2}at^2$, what does $u$ represent?
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What is uniform motion characterized by?
What is uniform motion characterized by?
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Study Notes
Motion in a Straight Line
Definition
- Motion in a straight line, also known as rectilinear motion, is a type of motion where an object moves in a straight line.
Displacement and Distance
- Displacement: The shortest distance between the initial and final positions of an object.
- Distance: The total length of the path traveled by an object.
- Example: A car travels from A to B and then back to A. The displacement is zero, but the distance traveled is the total length of the path.
Velocity and Speed
- Velocity: The rate of change of displacement with respect to time.
- Speed: The rate of change of distance with respect to time.
- Velocity is a vector quantity, while speed is a scalar quantity.
Acceleration
- Acceleration: The rate of change of velocity with respect to time.
- Can be positive (acceleration), negative (deceleration), or zero (uniform motion).
Equations of Motion
-
First Equation of Motion: v = u + at
- v: final velocity
- u: initial velocity
- a: acceleration
- t: time
-
Second Equation of Motion: s = ut + (1/2)at^2
- s: displacement
- u: initial velocity
- a: acceleration
- t: time
-
Third Equation of Motion: v^2 = u^2 + 2as
- v: final velocity
- u: initial velocity
- a: acceleration
- s: displacement
Graphical Analysis
- Distance-Time Graph: A straight line indicates uniform motion.
- Velocity-Time Graph: A straight line indicates uniform acceleration.
- Acceleration-Time Graph: A straight line indicates constant acceleration.
Key Concepts
- Uniform motion: constant velocity
- Non-uniform motion: changing velocity
- Acceleration can be positive, negative, or zero
- Displacement and distance are not always equal
Motion in a Straight Line
Definition
- Rectilinear motion occurs when an object moves in a straight line.
Displacement and Distance
- Displacement is the shortest distance between an object's initial and final positions.
- Distance is the total length of an object's path.
- Displacement and distance are not always equal, as an object can travel a long distance but end up back at its starting point, resulting in zero displacement.
Velocity and Speed
- Velocity is the rate of change of displacement with respect to time, and is a vector quantity.
- Speed is the rate of change of distance with respect to time, and is a scalar quantity.
- Velocity and speed are not always equal, as an object can change direction while maintaining a constant speed.
Acceleration
- Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity with respect to time, and can be positive, negative, or zero.
- Positive acceleration indicates an increase in velocity.
- Negative acceleration indicates a decrease in velocity, also known as deceleration.
- Zero acceleration indicates uniform motion.
Equations of Motion
- The first equation of motion is v = u + at, where v is final velocity, u is initial velocity, a is acceleration, and t is time.
- The second equation of motion is s = ut + (1/2)at^2, where s is displacement, u is initial velocity, a is acceleration, and t is time.
- The third equation of motion is v^2 = u^2 + 2as, where v is final velocity, u is initial velocity, a is acceleration, and s is displacement.
Graphical Analysis
- A straight line on a distance-time graph indicates uniform motion.
- A straight line on a velocity-time graph indicates uniform acceleration.
- A straight line on an acceleration-time graph indicates constant acceleration.
Key Concepts
- Uniform motion occurs when velocity is constant.
- Non-uniform motion occurs when velocity is changing.
- Acceleration can cause an object to speed up, slow down, or change direction.
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Description
Learn about rectilinear motion, displacement, and distance. Understand the concepts of shortest distance between initial and final positions and total length of path traveled.
