Mothers' Beliefs About Adolescents Study

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following authors have written about the impact of mothers' gender-role stereotypic beliefs on mothers' and children's ability perceptions in their research?

Kreuger, J., & Rothbart, M.

Jacobs, J.E., & Eccles, J.S. (correct)

Miller, B.C., Christopherson, C.R., & King, P.K.

Kalmuss, D., Davidson, A., & Cushman, L.

Which authors discuss the influence of gender stereotypes on parent and child mathematics attitudes?

Moos, R., Cronkite, R., & Finney, J.

Larson, R.W., Richards, M.H., Moneta, G., Holmbeck, G., & Duckett, E.

E., & Millstein, S.G.

Jacobs, J.E. (correct)

What is the primary focus of the research by E., & Millstein, S.G. (1991)?

The influence of gender stereotypes on parent and child mathematics attitudes.

Changes in adolescents' daily interactions with their families from ages 10 to 18.

The impact of parenting expectations and experiences on adjustment to parenthood.

Risk-taking behaviors exhibited during adolescence. (correct)

Which research paper explores the use of categorical and individuating information in making inferences about personality?

Kreuger, J., & Rothbart, M. (1988) Signup and view all the answers

Who researched and published a study on the sampling issues in family research?

Kitson, G.C., Sussman, M.B., Williams, G.K., Zeehandelaar, R.B., Shickmanter, B.K., & Steinberger, J.L. Signup and view all the answers

Which research paper delves into the changes in adolescents' daily interactions with their families from ages 10 to 18?

Larson, R.W., Richards, M.H., Moneta, G., Holmbeck, G., & Duckett, E. (1996) Signup and view all the answers

Which set of authors' research specifically focused on the 'violated expectations framework' in the context of parenting?

Kalmuss, D., Davidson, A., & Cushman, L. Signup and view all the answers

Which authors explore the topic of sexual behavior in adolescence?

Miller, B.C., Christopherson, C.R., & King, P.K. Signup and view all the answers

What influences parents’ expectations for their children according to generalized beliefs?

Parents' generalized beliefs about children Signup and view all the answers

What type of stereotypes do parents often hold about adolescents?

Negative stereotypes Signup and view all the answers

Which model links parents' beliefs, behaviors, and children's outcomes?

Achievement Behavior Model Signup and view all the answers

According to the research, mothers' beliefs about gender abilities influence their expectations independent of what?

The child's actual performance Signup and view all the answers

What defined the expectations mothers had for their sons and daughters in the study?

Generalized beliefs about gender talents Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the study, what does 'category-based beliefs' refer to?

Stereotypes about groups of children Signup and view all the answers

What impact do generalized beliefs have on parental behavior?

They can influence behavior and child outcomes Signup and view all the answers

What main aspect did the previous research focus on regarding parents' beliefs?

Achievement-related beliefs Signup and view all the answers

What effect can negative beliefs about adolescents have on parents' behavior?

It might result in a self-fulfilling prophecy. Signup and view all the answers

Which factor can influence parents’ perceptions of adolescence?

Their own experiences during adolescence. Signup and view all the answers

What did Holmbeck suggest about parents' beliefs regarding adolescence?

They can lead to more authoritarian parenting. Signup and view all the answers

How might cultural ideas about adolescents lead to parental expectations?

By reinforcing stereotypes and negative beliefs. Signup and view all the answers

What type of outcomes are associated with authoritarian parenting styles?

Poor outcomes for adolescents. Signup and view all the answers

What can happen when parents view adolescence as a problematic phase?

They may overlook signs that require intervention. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common stereotype about adolescents?

They are prone to risk-taking behaviors. Signup and view all the answers

What might negative expectations foster in the relationship between parents and adolescents?

Diminished communication and trust. Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of the research by Bugental et al. (1993)?

Social cognitions as organizers of autonomic and affective responses Signup and view all the answers

Which study focuses on perceived control over caregiving outcomes?

Bugental, Blue, & Cruzcosa (1989) Signup and view all the answers

What do Collins’ studies primarily investigate?

Parent-child interactions during adolescence Signup and view all the answers

Which concept is addressed in the study by Eccles et al. (1990)?

School and family effects on children's interests Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of deriving a pubertal development score in the study?

To standardize pubertal maturity relative to gender Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of social cognition did Dix et al. (1986) study?

Reactions of parents to children of different ages Signup and view all the answers

Why was menarche not assessed in the study?

It is considered a late sign of puberty Signup and view all the answers

In which study is the attribution process in discipline discussed?

Dix et al. & Zambarano (1989) Signup and view all the answers

How do mothers' ratings of pubertal development compare to doctors' reports?

They correlate well for girls but may underestimate boys' development Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of Dorn’s research with adolescents?

Perceptions of puberty among different groups Signup and view all the answers

What developmental stage is emphasized in the work of Collins (1995)?

Family adaptation during adolescence Signup and view all the answers

What statistical methods were used to examine the relationships in the study?

Zero-order correlations followed by regressions Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of children's attributes was considered in predicting expectations for the child?

Temperament and current psychological functioning Signup and view all the answers

What were the two scales measuring expectations for the child in the study?

Expectations for Difficult Adolescence and Closer Relationship Signup and view all the answers

What does the hierarchical regression in the study aim to examine?

Interactions of generalized beliefs with pubertal status Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary approach used to assess pubertal development in this study?

Gathering ratings from mothers and comparing with doctors’ assessments Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of adolescent development is highlighted by Nolen-Hoeksema and Girgus?

Gender differences in depression Signup and view all the answers

Which publication addresses the mental health professional's perspective on normal adolescence?

American Medical Association Archives of General Psychiatry Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of the study by Offer and Schonert-Reichl regarding adolescence?

Myths surrounding adolescence Signup and view all the answers

Which study explores emotional autonomy in adolescents?

Emotional autonomy versus detachment Signup and view all the answers

What research tool was analyzed for reliability and validity regarding puberty?

Self-report measure of pubertal status Signup and view all the answers

Which demographic data source was cited for Forsyth County, North Carolina?

U.S. Census Bureau Signup and view all the answers

Which researchers conducted a study on the expectations of mothers and children for adolescence?

Whiteman and Buchanan Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the key themes discussed by Peterson et al. in their self-report measure?

Reliability and validity in pubertal status Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Mothers' Generalized Beliefs About Adolescents: Links to Expectations for a Specific Child

Study examined if mothers' general beliefs about adolescents predict their expectations for their own child's adolescent years.
Participants were 75 mothers of sixth or seventh graders.
Mothers' generalized beliefs predicted their expectations for their child, even considering the child's current mood, closeness with mother, and other attributes.
Mothers who believed adolescents were risk-taking, rebellious, or had internalizing problems expected their own child to have a difficult adolescence.
Mothers who believed adolescents were prosocial expected a closer parent-child relationship.
This link between mothers' beliefs and their expectations did not depend on the child's pubertal stage or gender.
Parental beliefs about adolescence could affect parenting behaviors and relationships.

Method

75 mothers of early adolescents participated.
34 had sons, 41 had daughters; 40 in 6th grade, 35 in 7th.
Participants were mostly European American, married, with incomes above $50,000, and had a college degree.
Mothers completed scales assessing their generalized beliefs about adolescents, their expectations for their own child, the adolescent's temperament, mood, and school grades.
Additional measures included the child's pubertal status.

Results

Generalized beliefs about adolescents predicted expectations for their own child's adolescence.
Mothers with more negative beliefs about adolescents expected more difficulties for their child.
Mothers' expectations for a closer relationship with their child were related to less negative beliefs about adolescents.
Child's current attributes did not explain the link between the mothers' generalized beliefs and their expectations for their child.
Pubertal status and gender did not significantly alter the relationship between generalized beliefs and expectations for the child.

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Description

This study explores how mothers' generalized beliefs about adolescents influence their expectations for their own children's experiences during adolescence. It highlights the relationship between maternal beliefs and parental expectations, regardless of the child's specific circumstances, such as mood or closeness with the mother.