MOS 1021 Unit 2: Job Analysis & Design
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Questions and Answers

What is the key difference between traditional job analysis and competency modeling?

  • Traditional job analysis focuses on the specific skills needed for a role, while competency modeling focuses on the general skills and knowledge required for all roles in the organization.
  • Traditional job analysis focuses on the tasks and responsibilities of a role, while competency modeling focuses on the capabilities needed to perform those tasks. (correct)
  • Traditional job analysis focuses on individual contributions, while competency modeling focuses on team performance.
  • Traditional job analysis focuses on the knowledge, skills, and abilities required for a role, while competency modeling focuses on the specific tasks and duties.
  • Which of the following is NOT a competency category discussed in the text?

  • Core
  • Individual (correct)
  • Cross-functional
  • Functional
  • What is the primary advantage of using a competency-based approach to job analysis?

  • Greater focus on team dynamics and collaboration rather than individual contributions.
  • Increased emphasis on specific skills and technical expertise needed for a role.
  • More flexibility and adaptability in roles as organizations evolve and change. (correct)
  • Reduced reliance on subjective evaluations of employee performance.
  • Which of the following is an example of a cross-functional competency?

    <p>Conflict resolution (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes the Critical Incident Technique (CIT)?

    <p>A method for identifying and documenting critical job-related incidents and analyzing them for competency development. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a step in the Critical Incident Technique (CIT)?

    <p>Developing performance metrics to measure competency levels. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of identifying behavioral indicators in the Critical Incident Technique?

    <p>To provide specific examples of how a competency is demonstrated in the workplace. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does competency modeling contribute to a more fluid and empowered work environment?

    <p>By focusing on capabilities rather than tasks, it allows for greater flexibility and adaptability in roles. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of job design?

    <p>To maximize job performance and satisfaction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor primarily affects an employee's perception of the meaningfulness of their work?

    <p>The diversity of activities and skills used (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is job enrichment primarily focused on?

    <p>Increasing the depth and complexity of job tasks (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which job design strategy involves moving employees laterally between jobs or departments?

    <p>Job Rotation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can diminish the positive effects of job enlargement over time?

    <p>Overwhelming quantity of work (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What plays a crucial role in an employee's knowledge of their work results?

    <p>Access to performance feedback (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect is least likely to directly enhance job satisfaction?

    <p>Job title prestige (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common consequence of a lack of autonomy in work responsibility?

    <p>Decreased sense of meaningful work (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of job analysis?

    <p>To collect systematic information related to a job (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which aspect is NOT clarified through job analysis?

    <p>Employee health benefits (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does job analysis contribute to performance management?

    <p>By assessing performance using criteria obtained through job analysis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key component of job analysis?

    <p>Competency modeling (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does job analysis help identify regarding employee capability?

    <p>Skill gaps (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which function of human resources is NOT directly influenced by job analysis?

    <p>Employee onboarding (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what area of HR does job analysis NOT play a significant role?

    <p>Workforce diversity programs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an outcome of effective job analysis during recruitment?

    <p>Clearer job descriptions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary outcome of effective job analysis?

    <p>More effective hiring (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organizational chart type features numerous levels of management and narrowly defined jobs?

    <p>Bureaucratic (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do SMEs contribute to during job analysis?

    <p>Knowledge about the job (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which questionnaire is specifically designed to assess various job elements with standardized items?

    <p>Position Analysis Questionnaire (PAQ) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of job analysis method involves the direct observation of employees performing their tasks?

    <p>Direct Observation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a limitation of the Position Analysis Questionnaire (PAQ)?

    <p>High reading level (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is NOT included in KSAOs during job specification development?

    <p>Availability (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of organizational chart is associated with a decentralized management style?

    <p>Flat (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the job analysis process, which element is developed last?

    <p>Key job documents (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of job analysis directly informs compensation?

    <p>Performance management (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of SME is in charge of a workplace and understands job importance?

    <p>Supervisor (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a method for gathering job information?

    <p>Training workshop (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a job description?

    <p>To define what a job entails (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be avoided during interviews when gathering job information?

    <p>Presence of supervisors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Job Analysis

    A systematic process of collecting detailed information about a job, including tasks and responsibilities.

    Importance of Job Analysis

    Clarifies the necessary knowledge, skills, and abilities for a job, helping organizations effectively manage workforce.

    Competency Modeling

    A process of identifying the skills and competencies required for specific roles within the workforce.

    Job Responsibilities

    The specific tasks and duties assigned to a job within an organization.

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    Performance Management

    The systematic process of assessing and improving employee performance over time.

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    Training and Development

    Efforts aimed at improving employee skills and knowledge to bridge skill gaps identified in job analysis.

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    Recruitment and Selection

    The process of attracting and choosing candidates for a job position based on job analysis outcomes.

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    Legal Defensibility in Performance

    Using criteria obtained from job analysis to ensure the performance assessment process is fair and legally justifiable.

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    Job Design

    The process of establishing roles and responsibilities associated with jobs.

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    Job Rotation

    Temporarily moving employees between jobs to enhance flexibility and understanding.

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    Job Enlargement

    Adding activities within the same level to increase variety and identity in a job.

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    Job Enrichment

    Increasing the depth and complexity of job tasks for more growth opportunities.

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    Indicators of Job Satisfaction

    Factors that reflect how content employees are with aspects like pay and work.

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    Meaningfulness of Work

    The degree to which work is seen as purposeful and valuable.

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    Responsibility for Outcomes

    The degree of ownership employees feel about organizational results and their autonomy.

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    Knowledge of Results

    Awareness of how well or poorly employees perform their tasks.

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    Teamwork

    Actively participating and contributing to team goals and fostering relationships.

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    Core Competency

    Characteristics that apply to all members of an organization.

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    Cross-Functional Competency

    Characteristics common across a job group with similar skills or purposes.

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    Functional Competency

    Key skills and characteristics specific to a particular job.

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    Critical Incident Technique (CIT)

    A method that identifies key events that highlight required competencies.

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    Competency Definition

    A clear articulation of competencies along with associated indicators.

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    Behavioural Indicators

    Observable actions that demonstrate a specific competency.

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    Steps of Job Analysis

    Includes reviewing, choosing sources, gathering info, and developing documents.

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    Review Background Info

    First step in job analysis to collect previous data.

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    Digital Database

    Online resources like NOC for standardized job descriptions.

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    Organizational Charts

    Visual diagram showing job structure and relative ranks.

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    Bureaucratic Structure

    Common in large organizations with many management levels.

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    Flat Organizational Structure

    Fewer levels of management, often in small firms.

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    Matrix Structure

    Combines different management styles for projects.

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    Subject Matter Experts (SMEs)

    Individuals knowledgeable about specific jobs.

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    Position Analysis Questionnaire (PAQ)

    Survey containing 195 items about job-related elements.

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    Advantages of PAQ

    Standardized, easy to administer for job analysis.

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    Limitations of PAQ

    High reading level and bias towards manual labor jobs.

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    Direct Observation

    Job analysis method that records work nature and outputs.

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    Job Documents

    Products of job analysis including job descriptions and specifications.

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    KSAOs

    Knowledge, Skills, Abilities, and Other characteristics required for a job.

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    Study Notes

    Unit 2: Job Analysis & Design

    • Unit covers job analysis and design as part of MOS 1021, Introduction to Consumer Behaviour and Human Resources.

    This Week in the Course...

    • Course content includes job analysis, workforce planning, recruitment, selection, training & development, performance management, compensation & rewards, and employee & labour relations.

    Textbook Readings

    • Textbook readings focus on Chapter 3 (pages 51-74).
    • Topics covered include job analysis, competency modeling, and job design.

    Understanding Jobs

    • A job is a collection of related tasks, duties, and responsibilities performed within an organization to achieve specific work goals.
    • Example job tasks: taking customer orders, preparing beverages, processing payment, and cleaning workstations.

    Job Analysis: What Is It?

    • A systematic process of gathering detailed information about a job.
    • This includes tasks, duties, responsibilities, and human attributes associated with a job.

    Job Analysis: Why Is It Important?

    • Improves training by clarifying knowledge, skills, and abilities required for jobs and identifying skill gaps.
    • Enhances performance management by using job analysis criteria to evaluate employee performance and ensures legal defensibility.
    • Aids compensation and benefits by determining the relative value of different jobs based on skills, responsibilities, work conditions, and physical/mental demands.
    • Improves recruitment and selection by ensuring effective hiring and greater employee retention.

    Job Analysis: Steps

    • Step 1: Review background information.
      • Sources include organizational charts (which may be bureaucratic, flat, or matrix), and digital databases (like the National Occupational Classification (NOC)).
    • Step 2: Choose sources of job information.
      • Subject matter experts (SMEs) include incumbents (current job holders), supervisors, and job analysts.
    • Step 3: Gather job information.
      • Methods include questionnaires (e.g., Position Analysis Questionnaire (PAQ)), which may be structured (pre-defined questions and answers) or open-ended (questions with free-form answers).
      • Other methods include interviews (incumbent alone, or in groups), direct observations of staff performing their jobs.
    • Step 4: Develop key documents.
      • Documents like job descriptions (listing tasks, duties, responsibilities) and job specifications (listing characteristics needed to perform the job, such as knowledge, skills, abilities, and other characteristics—often abbreviated as KSAOs).

    Competency Analysis

    • An alternative approach to traditional job analysis focused on the capabilities of people rather than the tasks.
    • It promotes a more flexible workplace with fluid roles and empowered employees.

    Competency Categories

    • Core: Characteristics applying to all organizational members, e.g., time management.
    • Cross-functional: Characteristics common to a group of jobs, e.g., conflict resolution.
    • Functional: Characteristics and key skills specific to a job, e.g., culinary expertise.

    Competency Modeling Methods

    • Critical Incident Technique (CIT):
      • Identify critical incidents in the workplace.
      • Sort incidents into themes or dimensions.
      • Define each competency and pair it with behavioural indicators.
      • Examples may include handling sensitive information, articulating complex issues, and asking clarifying questions.

    Job Design

    • The process of establishing the roles and responsibilities for jobs, potentially including designing new jobs or redesigning existing ones to maximise:
      • job performance
      • efficiency
      • job satisfaction.

    Indicators of Job Satisfaction

    • Satisfaction with pay
    • Satisfaction with promotion policies
    • Satisfaction with supervisor
    • Satisfaction with coworkers
    • Satisfaction with work

    Factors Affecting Satisfaction with Work

    • Meaningfulness of work (e.g., value, purpose, and impact).
    • Responsibility for outcomes (e.g., influence, autonomy).
    • Knowledge of results (e.g., awareness of performance and impact).

    Job Design Strategies

    • Job Rotation: Temporarily moving employees between jobs/departments.
    • Job Enlargement: Adding activities within the same level of an existing role.
    • Job Enrichment: Increasing job depth and complexity.

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    Description

    Explore Unit 2 of MOS 1021, which delves into job analysis and design. This unit highlights essential concepts such as workforce planning, recruitment, and performance management. Engage with key readings from Chapter 3 to deepen your understanding of job roles and responsibilities.

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