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Questions and Answers
What is the part of the stem that bears the leaves called?
What is the part of the stem that bears the leaves called?
Which part of a plant is responsible for photosynthesis?
Which part of a plant is responsible for photosynthesis?
Which floral whorl consists of sepals?
Which floral whorl consists of sepals?
What part of a plant is responsible for its reproduction?
What part of a plant is responsible for its reproduction?
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From where do fruits develop in flowering plants?
From where do fruits develop in flowering plants?
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What are the three main types of root systems mentioned in the text?
What are the three main types of root systems mentioned in the text?
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Where do adventitious roots develop from in plants with adventitious root systems?
Where do adventitious roots develop from in plants with adventitious root systems?
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Which part of the plant is responsible for anchoring the plant and absorbing water and nutrients from the soil?
Which part of the plant is responsible for anchoring the plant and absorbing water and nutrients from the soil?
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Which type of root system is commonly found in monocotyledonous plants like rice and wheat?
Which type of root system is commonly found in monocotyledonous plants like rice and wheat?
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What is the main supporting structure of a plant, according to the text?
What is the main supporting structure of a plant, according to the text?
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Study Notes
Morphology of Flowering Plants
The morphology of flowering plants, or angiosperms, is characterized by the presence of roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits. These plants are divided into two main systems: the root system and the shoot system.
The Root System
The root system is the part of the plant that grows underground. It is responsible for anchoring the plant, absorbing water and nutrients from the soil, and storing food reserves in the form of starch or sugars. There are three main types of root systems:
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Taproot system: This system is present in many flowering plants, including mustard, mango, gram, and banyan trees. The primary root develops from the seed's radicle and has secondary and tertiary roots branching off.
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Fibrous root system: This system is found in monocotyledonous plants, such as rice, wheat, and corn. In this system, a large number of roots originate from the base of the stem.
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Adventitious root system: This system is found in plants like grass, banyan trees, maize, and sugarcane. Adventitious roots are not derived from the primary root but can develop from any part of the plant, including the stem and even from the leaves.
The Shoot System
The shoot system is the part of the plant that grows above the ground. It consists of the stem, leaves, flowers, and fruits. The stem provides support and transportation of food and water to different parts of the plant.
The Stem
The stem is the main supporting structure of the plant. It can be divided into two parts:
- Node: The part of the stem that bears the leaves is called the node.
- Internode: The part of the stem between two nodes is known as the internode.
The Leaves
Leaves are green and are responsible for photosynthesis, the process by which plants convert sunlight into energy. They can be classified into simple and compound leaves, based on the pattern of their leaf blade. Leaves also have modifications for various purposes, such as tendrils for climbing, spines for protection, storage leaves, and insect-catching leaves.
The Flowers
Flowers are the reproductive part of flowering plants. They are arranged on a floral axis, which can be racemose (allowing the main axis to continue growing) or cymose (terminating the main axis). The flower consists of four whorls:
- Calyx: The outermost whorl, composed of sepals.
- Corolla: The second whorl, composed of petals.
- Androecium: The third whorl, composed of stamens.
- Gynoecium: The innermost whorl, composed of one or more carpels.
The Fruits
Fruits are the characteristic feature of flowering plants. They develop from the ripened or mature ovary and contain the seed. There are various types of fruits, including drupes, berries, and nuts. A fruit can develop with or without fertilization, and is a crucial part of the plant's life cycle.
In summary, the morphology of flowering plants includes the roots, stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits. Each part of the plant has a specific function, contributing to the overall growth and reproduction of the plant.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the morphology of flowering plants, including the root system (taproot, fibrous, adventitious), shoot system (stem, leaves, flowers, fruits), and their functions in plant growth and reproduction.
