Morphologic Classification of Anemias

Microcytic, Hypochromic Anemia

• Characterized by small-sized red blood cells and low hemoglobin concentration
• Relevant conditions include:
  • Sideroblastic anemia
  • Iron deficiency anemia
  • Anemia of chronic disease or inflammation
  • Thalassemia
  • Lead exposure
• Reticulocyte Production Index (RPI) of 3 indicates adequate marrow response

Macrocytic Anemia (RPI >3)

• Characterized by large-sized red blood cells
• Associated with conditions such as:
  • Hemolytic anemia or hemorrhage
  • Presence of polychromasia, indicating reticulocyte release in response to hemolysis

Macrocytic Anemia (RPI = 3)

• Blood loss anemia can cause macrocytosis without significant marrow response
• May exhibit variable red blood cell morphology
• Causes of extrinsic hemolytic anemia include:
  • Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (MAHA) due to disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP), or hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS)
  • Autoimmune conditions leading to hemolysis
• Intrinsic hemolytic causes involve:
  • RBC membrane defects
  • Enzyme deficiencies
  • Hemoglobinopathies
  • Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH)

Normocytic, Normochromic Anemia

• Defined by red blood cells that are normal in size and hemoglobin content
• Specific cases or causes not fully detailed in provided information

This quiz covers the morphologic classification of different types of anemias, including microcytic and macrocytic varieties. Each flashcard features specific conditions associated with abnormal red blood cell morphology and relevant clinical indicators. Test your knowledge of anemia classifications and their characteristics.