Morphine Overview Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following routes can morphine be administered through?

Exclusively by epidural injection

Orally, rectally, or topically (correct)

Sublingually and transdermally only

Only IV and IM

What is the primary mechanism by which morphine reduces pain transmission?

Binding to opioid receptors and inhibiting neurotransmitter release (correct)

Increasing excitatory nociceptive pathways

Stimulating serotonin release

Blocking acetylcholine receptors

What is the duration of action for morphine?

1 to 2 hours

Up to 12 hours

3 to 7 hours (correct)

Less than 1 hour

Which of the following opioid receptors is primarily associated with spinal analgesia?

Kappa receptors Signup and view all the answers

What factor primarily influences the pharmacokinetics of morphine, specifically its half-life?

Metabolism in the liver and gut wall Signup and view all the answers

Which neurotransmitter's release does morphine decrease to modulate pain perception?

Substance P Signup and view all the answers

What is the onset time for the effects of morphine after administration?

15 to 30 minutes Signup and view all the answers

Which statement regarding the pharmacodynamics of morphine is incorrect?

It increases the transmission of pain signals Signup and view all the answers

What essential precaution is advised when administering morphine to older adults?

Use with caution due to sensitivity to CNS effects Signup and view all the answers

What is a major contraindication for the use of morphine?

Severe bronchial asthma Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the role of naloxone?

It acts as a narcotic antagonist to reverse opiate effects Signup and view all the answers

What potential adverse effects may occur upon reversal of narcotic depression using naloxone?

Increased blood pressure and tachycardia Signup and view all the answers

Morphine is primarily used to treat which level of pain?

Moderate to severe pain Signup and view all the answers

When is it explicitly contraindicated to use morphine regarding labor?

During delivery of a premature infant Signup and view all the answers

Codeine is primarily effective for which type of pain?

Mild to moderate pain Signup and view all the answers

What is one precaution to consider when using morphine in patients with renal impairment?

Use with caution due to the risk of accumulation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary pharmacological mechanism through which codeine exerts its analgesic effects?

Activation of mu (μ) opioid receptors in the CNS Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is a contraindication for the administration of codeine?

Post-operative recovery Signup and view all the answers

How long does the analgesic effect of codeine typically last?

4 to 6 hours Signup and view all the answers

What potential side effect is associated with the use of codeine?

Drowsiness and impaired orientation Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected time for the onset of action after administering codeine?

15 to 20 minutes Signup and view all the answers

Codeine should be used with caution in patients with which condition due to its potential to induce bradycardia?

Cardiac disease Signup and view all the answers

What effect does codeine have on respiratory secretions?

It thickens respiratory secretions Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors may affect the metabolism of codeine?

Presence of liver disease and genetic variations Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Morphine

Morphine treats moderate to severe acute or chronic pain.
It is used for post-operative pain, cancer pain, and noncancerous chronic pain.
Morphine is administered orally, subcutaneously, intramuscularly, intravenously, epidurally, rectally, and topically.
Morphine's onset is 15 to 30 minutes, duration is 3 to 7 hours, metabolism occurs in the liver and gut wall, and its half-life is 1.5 to 2 hours.
Morphine is an agonist at the mu, kappa, and delta opiate receptors.
Morphine prevents the transmission of nociceptive pain by reducing neurotransmitter release in the presynaptic space and producing hyperpolarization of post-synaptic dorsal horn neurons.
Morphine decreases the release of substance P, which modulates pain perception.
Morphine can cause respiratory depression.
Morphine is generally contraindicated in head injury and increased intracranial pressure, but can be used cautiously in these cases.
Morphine should not be used in patients with hypersensitivity, pre-existing respiratory depression, acute or severe bronchial asthma, and upper airway obstruction.
Morphine is avoided in premature infants and during labor when delivery of a premature infant is anticipated, due to its stimulating effect on the spinal cord.
Morphine should be used with caution in patients receiving CNS depressants, older or debilitated patients, those with renal or hepatic impairment, and patients who are sensitive to CNS effects.
Morphine binds to mu, kappa, and delta opioid receptors.
Mu receptors are responsible for supraspinal analgesia, reducing neurotransmitter release in the presynaptic space.
Kappa receptors are responsible for spinal analgesia, hyperpolarizing postsynaptic dorsal horn neurons.
Delta receptors are responsible for dysphoria and psychomimetic effects.
Morphine decreases the release of substance P, which modulates pain perception in the spinal cord and brain.

Naloxone

Naloxone is a narcotic antagonist used to reverse the effects of opiates (respiratory depression) and treat opioid overdose.
Naloxone is administered intravenously, intramuscularly, and subcutaneously, with the intravenous route being the fastest, producing effects in 2 minutes.
Naloxone is combined with sublingual preparations of buprenorphine to treat drug addiction.
Reversal of narcotic depression may result in adverse effects such as nausea, vomiting, sweating, tachycardia, increased blood pressure, and tremors.

Codeine

Codeine controls mild to moderate pain in adults and children.
Codeine is available as tablets and injections.
Codeine is used for post-operative pain control and cough suppression.
Codeine is frequently combined with acetaminophen or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
Codeine's standard dose is 60mg.
Codeine's onset is 15 to 20 minutes, duration is 4 to 6 hours, metabolism occurs in the liver, and it is excreted in the urine.
Codeine's half-life is 3 hours.
Codeine activates mu opioid receptors in the CNS, mediating its analgesic and sedative effects.
Codeine works at specific receptors in the CNS to produce analgesia, euphoria, sedation, and cough suppression.
Codeine should not be administered with other analgesics for pain relief.
Codeine is avoided in post-operative patients, those with asthma and emphysema, and requires caution in patients with cardiac disease due to its potential to induce bradycardia and peripheral vasodilation.
The use of codeine is questionable during pregnancy and lactation, and in patients who have undergone a craniotomy.

Patient and Family Education

Patient education involves informing them about potential drowsiness and impaired orientation.
Patients should avoid combining codeine with alcohol or other CNS depressants.
Patients should report any respiratory issues immediately.
General pain control information should be provided.

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Description

Test your knowledge on morphine, its uses, administration methods, metabolism, and effects. This quiz covers essential aspects of this important analgesic, including its mechanism of action and contraindications. Perfect for students in health sciences or pharmacology.