Morphemes Quiz: Free and Bound Morphemes

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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of derivational morphemes?

  • To inflect the base word
  • To change the meaning of the word (correct)
  • To create past tense forms
  • To indicate plurality

The plural inflection in English is typically indicated by adding '-ed' to a noun.

False (B)

Name one way in which affixes can attach to a word.

Prefix, infix, or suffix.

The process of creating a new word by shortening an existing word is called __________.

<p>clipping</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the inflectional forms with their descriptions:

<p>-s = Present third person singular -ed = Past tense -ing = Present participle -er = Comparative</p> Signup and view all the answers

Morphemes are the smallest units carrying ________?

<p>meaning</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following words contains three morphemes?

<p>Dilapidated (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

English has become more synthetic over time.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three categories used to describe English morphemes?

<p>Free, bound, derivational</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which morpheme is an example of a derivational morpheme?

<p>un- (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The personal plural pronoun in Modern English can be ________.

<p>you all</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of morphemes to their characteristics:

<p>Free = Can stand alone and have meaning Bound = Cannot stand alone and still have meaning Derivational = Create new words or change meaning</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give an example of a word that consists of three morphemes.

<p>undoable</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'affluenza' represent?

<p>A combination of affluence and influenza (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A functional shift occurs when a word takes on a new grammatical function without any change in form.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of word formation blends 'helicopter' and 'gyroscope'?

<p>Blending</p> Signup and view all the answers

The term 'Flump-flumping' is an example of __________.

<p>reduplication</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following linguistic terms with their examples:

<p>Blending = Affluenza Acronym = UMSCA Functional Shift = To friend Reduplication = Flump-flumping</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT an example of compounding?

<p>Flump-flumping (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Alphabatism refers to words that are said as acronyms.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of combining two words to create a new one with a specific meaning called?

<p>Compounding</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the lexical categories/parts of speech?

<p>Subjects (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The indicative mood is used for commands.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two aspects of verbs mentioned in the content?

<p>Perfective aspect and progressive aspect.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The __________ form of a verb is used in the imperative mood.

<p>bare infinitive</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following verb forms with their descriptions:

<p>3rd person singular = She naps. Past tense = He napped. Present participle = They are napping. Past participle = The homework is done.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an inflectional morpheme for nouns?

<p>-er (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Adjectives can show comparative and superlative forms.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one function of verbs in a sentence.

<p>Indicate tense.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a demonstrative pronoun?

<p>this (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The primary role of adverbs is to connect clauses and sentences.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

List the five categories of pronouns.

<p>Personal, Possessive, Interrogative, Relative, Demonstrative, Indefinite</p> Signup and view all the answers

Adverbs can modify verbs and adjectives, but they cannot be placed between _____ and the nouns they modify.

<p>adjectives</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of conjunction is used in the sentence, 'I was thinking that you should study more'?

<p>Subordinating (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the type of pronoun with its correct description:

<p>Personal = Refers to specific persons or things Possessive = Indicates ownership Interrogative = Used to ask questions Relative = Provides more information about a noun</p> Signup and view all the answers

Indefinite pronouns refer to specific persons or things.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Provide an example of a prepositional phrase.

<p>right before the exam</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of auxiliary verbs in a sentence?

<p>To provide grammatical information about tense, aspect, or mood (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The determiner 'most' functions as a possessive determiner.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify the lexical category of 'that' in the sentence 'I’m sure that guy understands linguistics.'

<p>Pronoun</p> Signup and view all the answers

The word 'a' serves as a __________ determiner.

<p>indefinite</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the types of determiners with their examples:

<p>Quantifier = Most Indefinite = A Demonstrative = That Possessive = My</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Morpheme

The smallest unit of meaning in a language.

Free morpheme

A morpheme that can stand alone and have meaning.

Bound morpheme

A morpheme that cannot stand alone, but adds meaning to a word.

Derivational morpheme

A morpheme that creates new words or changes the meaning or part of speech.

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Analytic language

A language that uses primarily free morphemes to create words and phrases.

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Synthetic language

A language that uses primarily bound morphemes to create words.

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English language evolution

English has become more analytic over time.

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Plural pronoun variations

Modern English has competing forms for the second-person plural pronoun (e.g., you all, you guys, you folks).

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Inflection

Changes in word form indicating different grammatical functions.

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Affix

Prefix, infix or suffix added to a word to change its meaning or function

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Clipping

Word formation process shortening a word, creating a shorter form.

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Three ways affixes attach

Affixes attach to words as prefixes (before), infixes (middle), or suffixes (after).

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Determiners

Words that specify the noun they precede by indicating quantity, definiteness, or other features.

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What is the determiner?

Identify the word that precedes and modifies the noun in a sentence.

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Auxiliary verbs

Helping verbs that accompany main verbs to express tense, mood, or voice.

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What is the auxiliary verb?

Identify the verb that helps the main verb in a sentence.

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Lexical categories

Different classes of words based on their function and meaning in a sentence.

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Word compounding

Combining two or more existing words to create a new word with a specific meaning.

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Blending

Combining parts of two words to create a new word.

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Functional Shift

Changing the grammatical function of a word, for example, using a noun as a verb.

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Reduplication

Repeating a word or part of a word to create a new word or intensify meaning.

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Acronym

A word formed from the first letters of a phrase or series of words.

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Alphabetism

A sequence of letters spoken as separate letters instead of as a word.

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What is the main idea of this content?

This content explores various ways words are created and changed in the English language, illustrating a dynamic and evolving process.

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How does the content illustrate word creation?

The content shows examples of word formation processes like compounding, blending, functional shift, reduplication, acronym and alphabetism. Each example demonstrates how new words evolve from existing ones or phrases.

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Adverb

A word that modifies a verb, adjective or another adverb, providing more information about when, where, how, or to what extent an action is performed.

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Adverb Placement

Adverbs can appear in various positions within a sentence, but they often come before or after the main verb or at the beginning or end of a clause.

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Preposition

A word that connects a noun or pronoun to another word in the sentence, indicating relationships such as time, location, direction, or manner.

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Prepositional Phrase

A group of words that starts with a preposition and includes a noun or pronoun as its object, providing more information about a word in the sentence.

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Conjunctions

Words that connect words, phrases, or clauses, combining elements within a sentence.

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Pronouns

Words that replace nouns, referring to people, places, or things without directly naming them.

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Types of Pronouns

Pronouns come in various categories, including personal, possessive, interrogative, relative, demonstrative, and indefinite.

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Noun tests

Methods to identify nouns, often involving plural markers (-s), or derivational morphemes like -ion, -ism, -ity, -ship, -dom, -hood, -er/or, -an, -ist, -age.

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Adjective tests

Methods to identify adjectives, often involving comparatives and superlatives (more, most, -er, -est), or derivational morphemes like -al, -able, -like, -ful, -y, -an.

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Verb inflections

Changes in verb form to indicate different grammatical functions like tense, aspect, voice, and mood. Examples include bare (nap), 3rd person singular (naps), past tense (napped), present participle (napping), and past participle (napped).

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Verb syntactic positions

Different locations where verbs can appear within sentences, such as auxiliary (can study), alone in imperative (STUDY!), subject (I left), or subject-object (I left the class).

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Tense

Indicates when the action of a verb takes place relative to the time of speaking. English primarily uses past and present tense inflections, e.g., 'He naps' (present) 'He napped' (past).

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Aspect

Describes whether a verb action is completed (perfective) or continuous (progressive). Examples: 'I have eaten' (perfective) 'I am eating' (progressive).

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Voice

Indicates the relationship between the subject of a verb and the action. English uses active voice (subject performs action) and passive voice (subject receives action). Examples: 'I made mistakes' (active) 'Mistakes were made' (passive).

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Study Notes

Morphemes

  • Morphemes are the smallest units carrying meaning.

Morpheme Examples

  • fridge magnets → 3 morphemes (fridge, magnet, s)
  • dilapidated → 3 morphemes (di-lapid-ated)
  • undoable → 3 morphemes (un-do-able)

Free vs. Bound Morphemes

  • Free morphemes can stand alone with meaning (e.g., book, cat, run).
  • Bound morphemes cannot stand alone; they must attach to free morphemes to have meaning (e.g., s, un, ed, ing).

Inflectional vs. Derivational Morphemes

  • Inflectional morphemes modify a word but do not change the core meaning (e.g., s, ed, 's, ing).
  • Derivational morphemes can change the meaning of a word and can create new words with a different meaning (e.g., ful, ness, ly, er, ize, ment).

Inflectional Morphemes in English

  • Plural (s)
  • Possessive (-'s)
  • Past tense (-ed)
  • Present Participle (ing)
  • Past Participle (-ed)

Affix Attachment

  • Prefixes attach before the root.
  • Infixes attach in the middle of the root.
  • Suffixes attach after the root.

Lexical Category/Part of Speech

  • A lexical category is a group of words that share similar grammatical properties and serve similar functions within sentences.
  • Examples include nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, pronouns, prepositions, and conjunctions.

Tests: Nouns

  • Plural marker (-s)
  • Derivational morphemes (-ion, -ism, -ity, -ship, -hood, -er/or, -an, -ist, -age)

Tests: Adjectives

  • Comparatives and Superlatives (more, most, -er, -est)
  • Derivational morphemes (-al, -able, -like, -ful, -y, -an)

Tests: Verbs

  • Inflectional morphology (bare, 3rd person singular, past tense, present participle, past participle).

Verbs: Tests

  • Syntactic positions (auxiliary, alone in imperative, subject, subject-object).

Verbs

  • Tense
  • Aspect
  • Voice
  • Mood

Tense

  • Tense describes when an event/action takes place relative to the utterance.
  • English primarily uses past and present tense inflections on verbs.

Aspect

  • Aspect describes whether an action is completed (perfective) or ongoing (progressive).

Voice

  • Voice describes whether the subject performs the action (active) or is acted upon (passive).

Mood

  • Indicative: the default mood for expressing information in a declarative manner in declarative sentences.
  • Imperative: used for commands and instructions.
  • Subjunctive: used to express wishes, desires, or hypothetical conditions.

Adverbs

  • Morphology: Typically ends in -ly.
  • Syntactic positions: beginning/end of a clause or after a main verb, but not between adjectives and nouns it modifies.

Prepositions

  • Prepositions assist with indicating time, location, duration, manner, etc. and precede noun phrases.

Conjunctions

  • Connect words, phrases, and clauses/sentences.

Pronouns

  • Personal, interrogative, relative, demonstrative, and indefinite pronouns have different functions in sentences.

Determiners

  • Determiners indicate definiteness, quantity, number, and pragmatic functions, always preceding nouns.

Auxiliary Verbs

  • Auxiliary verbs come before main verbs or other auxiliary verbs. They do not have the same morphology as standard verbs.

Which "that"

  • "That" can be a relative pronoun, a demonstrative pronoun, or a complementizer depending on the context of the sentence.

Morphological Trees

  • Break down the structure of a word into its root and affix parts.

Determiners always immediately precede nouns.

  • False. Determiners can have adjectives or adverbs in between and still be classified as a determiner.

Which of the following word-class does the underlined word belong to: "I do not know the guy who just went to school."

  • Relative pronoun

Which lexical category does the underlined word belong to: "I would like to order this cake, please."

  • Determiner (this)

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