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What is the purpose of derivational morphemes?
What is the purpose of derivational morphemes?
The plural inflection in English is typically indicated by adding '-ed' to a noun.
The plural inflection in English is typically indicated by adding '-ed' to a noun.
False
Name one way in which affixes can attach to a word.
Name one way in which affixes can attach to a word.
Prefix, infix, or suffix.
The process of creating a new word by shortening an existing word is called __________.
The process of creating a new word by shortening an existing word is called __________.
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Match the inflectional forms with their descriptions:
Match the inflectional forms with their descriptions:
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Morphemes are the smallest units carrying ________?
Morphemes are the smallest units carrying ________?
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Which of the following words contains three morphemes?
Which of the following words contains three morphemes?
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English has become more synthetic over time.
English has become more synthetic over time.
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What are the three categories used to describe English morphemes?
What are the three categories used to describe English morphemes?
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Which morpheme is an example of a derivational morpheme?
Which morpheme is an example of a derivational morpheme?
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The personal plural pronoun in Modern English can be ________.
The personal plural pronoun in Modern English can be ________.
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Match the following types of morphemes to their characteristics:
Match the following types of morphemes to their characteristics:
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Give an example of a word that consists of three morphemes.
Give an example of a word that consists of three morphemes.
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What does the term 'affluenza' represent?
What does the term 'affluenza' represent?
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A functional shift occurs when a word takes on a new grammatical function without any change in form.
A functional shift occurs when a word takes on a new grammatical function without any change in form.
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What type of word formation blends 'helicopter' and 'gyroscope'?
What type of word formation blends 'helicopter' and 'gyroscope'?
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The term 'Flump-flumping' is an example of __________.
The term 'Flump-flumping' is an example of __________.
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Match the following linguistic terms with their examples:
Match the following linguistic terms with their examples:
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Which of the following is NOT an example of compounding?
Which of the following is NOT an example of compounding?
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Alphabatism refers to words that are said as acronyms.
Alphabatism refers to words that are said as acronyms.
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What is the process of combining two words to create a new one with a specific meaning called?
What is the process of combining two words to create a new one with a specific meaning called?
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Which of the following is NOT one of the lexical categories/parts of speech?
Which of the following is NOT one of the lexical categories/parts of speech?
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The indicative mood is used for commands.
The indicative mood is used for commands.
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What are the two aspects of verbs mentioned in the content?
What are the two aspects of verbs mentioned in the content?
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The __________ form of a verb is used in the imperative mood.
The __________ form of a verb is used in the imperative mood.
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Match the following verb forms with their descriptions:
Match the following verb forms with their descriptions:
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Which of the following is an example of an inflectional morpheme for nouns?
Which of the following is an example of an inflectional morpheme for nouns?
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Adjectives can show comparative and superlative forms.
Adjectives can show comparative and superlative forms.
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Name one function of verbs in a sentence.
Name one function of verbs in a sentence.
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Which of the following is an example of a demonstrative pronoun?
Which of the following is an example of a demonstrative pronoun?
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The primary role of adverbs is to connect clauses and sentences.
The primary role of adverbs is to connect clauses and sentences.
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List the five categories of pronouns.
List the five categories of pronouns.
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Adverbs can modify verbs and adjectives, but they cannot be placed between _____ and the nouns they modify.
Adverbs can modify verbs and adjectives, but they cannot be placed between _____ and the nouns they modify.
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Which type of conjunction is used in the sentence, 'I was thinking that you should study more'?
Which type of conjunction is used in the sentence, 'I was thinking that you should study more'?
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Match the type of pronoun with its correct description:
Match the type of pronoun with its correct description:
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Indefinite pronouns refer to specific persons or things.
Indefinite pronouns refer to specific persons or things.
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Provide an example of a prepositional phrase.
Provide an example of a prepositional phrase.
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What is the function of auxiliary verbs in a sentence?
What is the function of auxiliary verbs in a sentence?
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The determiner 'most' functions as a possessive determiner.
The determiner 'most' functions as a possessive determiner.
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Identify the lexical category of 'that' in the sentence 'I’m sure that guy understands linguistics.'
Identify the lexical category of 'that' in the sentence 'I’m sure that guy understands linguistics.'
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The word 'a' serves as a __________ determiner.
The word 'a' serves as a __________ determiner.
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Match the types of determiners with their examples:
Match the types of determiners with their examples:
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Study Notes
Morphemes
- Morphemes are the smallest units carrying meaning.
Morpheme Examples
- fridge magnets → 3 morphemes (fridge, magnet, s)
- dilapidated → 3 morphemes (di-lapid-ated)
- undoable → 3 morphemes (un-do-able)
Free vs. Bound Morphemes
- Free morphemes can stand alone with meaning (e.g., book, cat, run).
- Bound morphemes cannot stand alone; they must attach to free morphemes to have meaning (e.g., s, un, ed, ing).
Inflectional vs. Derivational Morphemes
- Inflectional morphemes modify a word but do not change the core meaning (e.g., s, ed, 's, ing).
- Derivational morphemes can change the meaning of a word and can create new words with a different meaning (e.g., ful, ness, ly, er, ize, ment).
Inflectional Morphemes in English
- Plural (s)
- Possessive (-'s)
- Past tense (-ed)
- Present Participle (ing)
- Past Participle (-ed)
Affix Attachment
- Prefixes attach before the root.
- Infixes attach in the middle of the root.
- Suffixes attach after the root.
Lexical Category/Part of Speech
- A lexical category is a group of words that share similar grammatical properties and serve similar functions within sentences.
- Examples include nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, pronouns, prepositions, and conjunctions.
Tests: Nouns
- Plural marker (-s)
- Derivational morphemes (-ion, -ism, -ity, -ship, -hood, -er/or, -an, -ist, -age)
Tests: Adjectives
- Comparatives and Superlatives (more, most, -er, -est)
- Derivational morphemes (-al, -able, -like, -ful, -y, -an)
Tests: Verbs
- Inflectional morphology (bare, 3rd person singular, past tense, present participle, past participle).
Verbs: Tests
- Syntactic positions (auxiliary, alone in imperative, subject, subject-object).
Verbs
- Tense
- Aspect
- Voice
- Mood
Tense
- Tense describes when an event/action takes place relative to the utterance.
- English primarily uses past and present tense inflections on verbs.
Aspect
- Aspect describes whether an action is completed (perfective) or ongoing (progressive).
Voice
- Voice describes whether the subject performs the action (active) or is acted upon (passive).
Mood
- Indicative: the default mood for expressing information in a declarative manner in declarative sentences.
- Imperative: used for commands and instructions.
- Subjunctive: used to express wishes, desires, or hypothetical conditions.
Adverbs
- Morphology: Typically ends in -ly.
- Syntactic positions: beginning/end of a clause or after a main verb, but not between adjectives and nouns it modifies.
Prepositions
- Prepositions assist with indicating time, location, duration, manner, etc. and precede noun phrases.
Conjunctions
- Connect words, phrases, and clauses/sentences.
Pronouns
- Personal, interrogative, relative, demonstrative, and indefinite pronouns have different functions in sentences.
Determiners
- Determiners indicate definiteness, quantity, number, and pragmatic functions, always preceding nouns.
Auxiliary Verbs
- Auxiliary verbs come before main verbs or other auxiliary verbs. They do not have the same morphology as standard verbs.
Which "that"
- "That" can be a relative pronoun, a demonstrative pronoun, or a complementizer depending on the context of the sentence.
Morphological Trees
- Break down the structure of a word into its root and affix parts.
Determiners always immediately precede nouns.
- False. Determiners can have adjectives or adverbs in between and still be classified as a determiner.
Which of the following word-class does the underlined word belong to: "I do not know the guy who just went to school."
- Relative pronoun
Which lexical category does the underlined word belong to: "I would like to order this cake, please."
- Determiner (this)
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Description
Test your knowledge about morphemes, the smallest units of meaning in language. This quiz covers different types of morphemes, including free and bound morphemes, as well as inflectional and derivational morphemes. See how well you understand these foundational concepts in linguistics!
