Differentiating Human Acts and Acts of Man: Moral Accountability Quiz and Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What distinguishes human acts from acts of man and animals?

Emotions and feelings

Conscious knowledge and free will (correct)

Instinct and reflexes

Intelligence and skills

In the context of human acts, what does it mean for an act to be deliberate?

Done without awareness or consciousness

Influenced by external factors

Driven solely by instincts

Performed with full understanding of consequences (correct)

Which element must be present in a human act to ensure the act is done freely?

External coercion

Hereditary traits

Volition and personal choice (correct)

Involuntary reaction

What is the key factor that differentiates human acts from the acts done by animals?

Presence of consciousness and free will Signup and view all the answers

What makes an agent responsible for their action?

Acting with fear Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a major determinant used to evaluate the morality of human acts?

Consequences of the act Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between voluntary and involuntary acts?

Voluntary acts make a person morally accountable, whereas involuntary acts do not. Signup and view all the answers

Why is voluntariness an essential element in determining human acts?

To distinguish intentional actions from unintentional ones Signup and view all the answers

What does violence refer to according to the text?

Any force used to compel a person to act against their will Signup and view all the answers

How can one offer intrinsic resistance when confronted by violence?

By withholding consent and not physically resisting Signup and view all the answers

What is necessary to exclude voluntariness from an action according to the text?

Being forced to do something against one's will Signup and view all the answers

How is habit defined based on the text?

A readiness for action in a certain manner due to repeated acts Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of circumstances in relation to human acts?

Circumstances may either increase or decrease the wrongfulness of an evil act. Signup and view all the answers

How does vincible ignorance differ from invincible ignorance?

Vincible ignorance can be easily remedied through reasonable efforts, while invincible ignorance cannot be corrected. Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes affected ignorance from invincible ignorance?

Affected ignorance is the absence of necessary knowledge that one ought to have, while invincible ignorance is correctable. Signup and view all the answers

How does vincible ignorance affect the accountability over an act?

Vincible ignorance lessens the accountability over an act. Signup and view all the answers

In what way does invincible ignorance render an act involuntary?

By excusing the person from liability due to lack of awareness. Signup and view all the answers

How do circumstances affect the merits of a good act?

Circumstances can increase or decrease the merits of a good act. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Human Acts

Human acts are distinguished from acts of man and animals by the presence of deliberation, freedom, and voluntariness.
An act is deliberate when it is done with full knowledge and consent.

Freedom and Voluntariness

Freedom is an essential element in human acts, ensuring that the act is done willingly and without external constraints.
Voluntariness is crucial in determining human acts, as it implies that the agent is responsible for their action.

Morality of Human Acts

The morality of human acts is largely determined by the intention and circumstances surrounding the act.

Voluntary and Involuntary Acts

Voluntary acts are those that are done with full knowledge and consent, while involuntary acts are those that are done under external constraints or without full knowledge.
Voluntariness is essential in determining human acts, as it implies that the agent is responsible for their action.

Violence and Resistance

Violence refers to the use of external force to constrain an individual's freedom.
Intrinsic resistance can be offered in response to violence by resisting the external force and maintaining one's freedom.

Ignorance and Accountability

Vincible ignorance occurs when an individual neglects to acquire knowledge that would have altered their action, making them accountable for their act.
Invincible ignorance, on the other hand, occurs when an individual is unable to acquire knowledge despite their efforts, rendering their act involuntary.
Affected ignorance is distinct from invincible ignorance, as it involves a deliberate avoidance of knowledge.

Habit and Circumstances

Habit is the result of repeated actions that become automatic, influencing an individual's behavior.
Circumstances play a crucial role in human acts, as they can affect the morality and merits of an action.

Accountability and Involuntary Acts

Vincible ignorance reduces an individual's accountability for their act, while invincible ignorance renders an act entirely involuntary.

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Description

Learn about the definition of human acts as actions that result from insight and free will, according to Paul Glenn. Explore the concept of human acts as conscious decisions made by individuals in various situations.

Morality of Human Acts and Moral Accountability

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