Morality of Human Acts and Freedom
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary indicator that helps to determine if an act is morally good?

  • The outcome of the act
  • The circumstance surrounding the act
  • The intention behind the act
  • The object of the act itself (correct)

Which aspect of human acts involves understanding the reasons behind the action?

  • Outcome
  • Intention (correct)
  • Object
  • Circumstance

What do the circumstances of an act primarily affect?

  • The relationship with God
  • The decision-making process alone
  • The practical considerations of the act (correct)
  • The inherent goodness of the act

Which statement best reflects a condition for human acts to be morally good?

<p>The act must direct a person closer to true good and God. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What key aspect must be evaluated to determine the morality of a human act?

<p>The intention, object, and circumstance of the act (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first stage of human acts according to Thomas Aquinas?

<p>Wish or Simple Volition (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stage involves determining whether the end can be achieved through the agent's power?

<p>Wish or Simple Volition (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the stage of Decision and Elections in human acts primarily focus on?

<p>The practicality of means (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which human act stage is primarily concerned with inquiring after and approving means?

<p>Deliberate Consent (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the Will play in the stages of human acts as described by Aquinas?

<p>Exercising control and command (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stage reflects the resolution to pursue an end through means?

<p>Intention (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is essential for individuals to pursue what will truly make them happy according to Aquinas?

<p>Understanding what is good and true (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Aquinas define free agency in the context of happiness?

<p>The pursuit of what genuinely brings satisfaction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the text define true freedom?

<p>The ability to choose ways and means that lead to genuine happiness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a misconception about freedom as mentioned in the content?

<p>It is solely about acting on impulse and whim (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do human actions involve according to the content?

<p>Deliberate choices based on judgment of conscience (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do animals and humans differ in the pursuit of happiness?

<p>Humans have a deliberate approach, while animals act on instinct (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to describe living without moral principles or guidance?

<p>Licentiousness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What leads to disappointment in the search for happiness, as suggested in the content?

<p>Thinking something will make us happy without reflection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can one properly seek true happiness according to the text?

<p>By discerning through the deceptions of happiness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What initiates human acts as described in the content?

<p>The dialogue among knowledge, love, intellect, and will (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is the object of an act?

The object of an act is the action itself, what is being performed. For example, if you are eating, the 'object' of the act is eating.

What is the intention of an act?

The intention of an act is the reason behind why you are performing the action. It is the goal you are trying to achieve.

What does it mean for an act to be morally good?

An act is morally good when it aligns with our true good and guides us closer to God.

What are circumstances?

Circumstances refer to the surrounding factors of an action, such as who, where, when, and how it is done. They can also include the consequences of the action.

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How do object, intention, and circumstance relate to morality?

The object, intention, and circumstance of an act all contribute to its morality. An act is only morally good if ALL three elements are in alignment with our true good and lead us closer to God.

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What is the core human desire?

The most basic thing humans seek is happiness, a state of fulfillment and contentment.

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How does happiness relate to God?

Happiness is achieved through experiencing the highest good, which is considered to be God.

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What distinguishes human acts from animal behavior?

Human actions are deliberate and involve free choices, while animals primarily act based on instincts.

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Explain 'true freedom' and its purpose.

True freedom is not just the ability to act on impulse, but the capacity to choose actions that lead to authentic and lasting happiness.

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Why is it crucial to see through deceptions regarding happiness?

We often misjudge what will truly make us happy, leading to disappointment. Discernment is essential in pursuing genuine fulfillment.

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How do intellect, will, and knowledge contribute to our actions?

Our actions are influenced by the interplay of our intellect, will, and knowledge. They shape our decisions and choices.

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What is licentiousness and how is it different from true freedom?

Licentiousness refers to living without moral principles or guidance, while true freedom involves making choices that lead to genuine and lasting happiness.

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What is the relationship between human acts and morality?

Human actions, being deliberate and free choices, are subject to moral evaluation. They can be considered good or evil based on ethical principles.

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Five Stages of Human Acts

A framework outlining the mental and volitional processes involved in making and carrying out a deliberate action. These stages progress from initial desire to the execution and reflection on the action.

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Stage 1: Wish or Simple Volition

The initial desire or inclination towards an end. The intellect recognizes a good and the will simply wishes for it.

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Stage 2: Intention

The commitment to achieve the desired end through chosen means, involving a judgment about the possibility of achieving it.

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Stage 3: Deliberation and Consent

The process of weighing different means to achieve the chosen end, involving reasoning and approving or rejecting each potential means.

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Stage 4: Decision and Election

Selecting the best course of action based on deliberation, involving the final choice of the means to achieve the end.

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Stage 5: Command and Use

Putting the chosen action into practice, involving the intellect giving the command to act and the will directing the body or mind to execute it.

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Stage 6: Fruition

The experience of the action and its consequences, involving the intellect reflecting on the outcome and the will experiencing the result.

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Free Agency

The ability to choose and act based on our understanding of what is truly good, leading to fulfillment and happiness.

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Study Notes

Morality of Human Act

  • Freedom makes humans moral agents, as they are responsible for their actions.
  • Human acts, freely chosen, are either good or evil.
  • Morality refers to a culture's or community's moral beliefs and practices.
  • An atheist philosopher, J.L. Mackie, argued that belief in God is irrational based on the existence of evil.

Human Actions

  • Basic human desire is happiness, which comes from God.
  • Animals act via instinct to survive, animals do not have free will like humans.
  • Humans deliberately seek fulfillment and pursue goals.
  • Freedom allows humans to choose what to do.
  • True freedom involves using choices toward authentic happiness.

Stages of Human Acts

  • Strategy (wish): Intellect understands the situation and identifies an appropriate goal.
  • Intention: Intellect determines the means to achieve the goal.
  • Deliberation & Consent: Mind/intellect analyses and approves available means.
  • Decision & Election: The will selects the best course of action.
  • Command & Use: Body/mind carries out the chosen action.
  • Fruition/Intellectual Attainment: The person assesses the outcome and experience of the act.

Free Agency

  • Humans are free agents, deciding what truly brings happiness.
  • The first step is recognizing the good and what truly satisfies.

Intention, Object, and Circumstances

  • A moral act is good if it aligns with the person's true good, ultimately God.
  • The intention is the purpose or goal of the action.
  • The object is the actual act being performed, indicating what action is involved.
  • Circumstances are conditions surrounding an act (e.g., time, place, who is involved).

Solemnity of Christ the King

  • A Feast celebrating Jesus's kingship.
  • Pope Pius XI instituted this feast in 1925.

Judgment Day (Parousia)

  • Jesus will be the divine judge.
  • Signs in the heavens will mark this event, but its exact timing is unknown.
  • Salvation has begun with the Holy Spirit.

Liturgical Year

  • The Catholic liturgical year follows a cycle of seasons, including Advent, Christmastide, Lent, and Easter.
  • Colors signify moods and themes of particular seasons.

Advent

  • Advent is a 4-week period of preparation for Christmas and the Second Coming.
  • It's a time of hope and anticipation, focusing on Jesus's birth and the return.
  • Traditional themes include preparation, repentance, and rejoicing at the coming of the Lord.
  • The liturgical color are purple/violet and eventually white.

Immaculate Conception

  • The Catholic Church celebrates the conception of Mary, the mother of Jesus, as immaculate (free from sin).
  • This event happened on December 8th, according to tradition and religious doctrine.

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Morality of Human Act PDF

Description

This quiz explores the morality of human actions and the significance of freedom in making moral choices. It discusses how human acts can be classified as good or evil based on community beliefs and the philosophy surrounding moral responsibility. Additionally, it examines the stages involved in making decisions for authentic happiness.

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