10 Questions
What is the main focus of Deontology ethics?
Following moral rules
Which ethical theory emphasizes that a person should take actions that lead to good outcomes?
Teleology
What distinguishes Human Acts from Acts of Man?
Freewill and intellect
According to Justice and Equity ethics, what concept should decision makers use to ensure unbiased decision-making?
Veil of ignorance
In Virtue Ethics, what must a person develop in order to behave virtuously?
Character traits like truthfulness
Which ethical theory involves the concept of a 'veil of ignorance' in decision-making?
Deontology
What does Teleology ethics emphasize in decision-making?
'Good outcomes'
Which type of actions are performed consciously and knowingly?
'Human Acts'
'Unconscious and without reason' describes which type of actions?
'Acts of Man'
What is the focus of Virtue Ethics in terms of behavior?
Character development for virtuous behavior
Study Notes
Morality and Ethics
- Morality is what an individual believes is right and good, based on fundamental standards of right and wrong learned in early childhood, often influenced by religious beliefs.
Moral Virtues
- Justice: giving one's neighbor what rightfully belongs to them
- Temperance: moderating the possible over-indulgence of the concupiscible appetite
- Fortitude: giving courage to overcome overwhelming odds and persist towards a goal
- Prudence: knowing how things should be done rightly and well, including tact in different situations
Conditions Affecting Morality
- Ignorance: lack of intellectual knowledge in man
- Concupiscence: human passions (love, hatred, joy, grief, desire, etc.) that make man frail and prone to evil
- Violence/Coercion: external force compelling an act against one's will
- Habit: operative habit that is a lasting readiness and facility for acting in a certain manner
Confidentiality
- Keeping privileged information private, with exceptions for protecting one person's privacy that harms another or threatens social good
Fidelity
- Duty to be faithful to commitments (promise keeping), including implicit and explicit promises
Paternalism
- Assuming the right to make decisions for another, limiting freedom of choice
Respect for Persons
- Promoting autonomous choices, preserving autonomy through advanced directives
Sanctity of Life
- Life as the highest good, taking precedence over external criteria for judging quality of life
Advocacy
- Obligation to look out or speak up for the rights of others, providing complete and accurate information
Veracity
- Obligation to tell the truth and not to lie or deceive others
Stewardship
- Being grateful, responsible stewards of received gifts from God
Ethics Theories
- Deontology (Duty-Oriented Theory): actions based on moral rules and unchanging principles
- Teleology (Utilitarianism): taking actions that lead to good outcomes
- Virtue Ethics: developing virtues such as truthfulness and trustworthiness over time
Justice and Equity
- Using a "veil of ignorance" to promote unbiased decision-making, considering the affected parties
Relativism
- No universal ethical standards, moral relativism
Test your knowledge on morality and moral virtues, including the concepts of right and wrong, learned standards, religious beliefs, justice, temperance, and fortitude.
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