Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which characteristic describes a moral system as accessible to everyone?
Which characteristic describes a moral system as accessible to everyone?
Which principle is NOT associated with deriving and justifying rules within a moral system?
Which principle is NOT associated with deriving and justifying rules within a moral system?
What is the main purpose of morality according to the content?
What is the main purpose of morality according to the content?
What does the principle of beneficence guide a decision maker to do?
What does the principle of beneficence guide a decision maker to do?
Signup and view all the answers
What are rules of conduct in the context of a moral system primarily intended to do?
What are rules of conduct in the context of a moral system primarily intended to do?
Signup and view all the answers
Which aspect of a moral system ensures that rules apply fairly to all participants?
Which aspect of a moral system ensures that rules apply fairly to all participants?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a fundamental characteristic of a moral system according to Gert?
What is a fundamental characteristic of a moral system according to Gert?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following best represents the components of a moral system?
Which of the following best represents the components of a moral system?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a goal shared by ethical theories?
Which of the following is a goal shared by ethical theories?
Signup and view all the answers
Which principle is NOT part of the moral foundations mentioned in the content?
Which principle is NOT part of the moral foundations mentioned in the content?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the principle of 'Last Harm' focus on when no beneficial choices are apparent?
What does the principle of 'Last Harm' focus on when no beneficial choices are apparent?
Signup and view all the answers
What feature of a moral system indicates that the rules are accessible to all members?
What feature of a moral system indicates that the rules are accessible to all members?
Signup and view all the answers
Under which ethical principle are individuals allowed to make decisions that pertain to their own lives?
Under which ethical principle are individuals allowed to make decisions that pertain to their own lives?
Signup and view all the answers
Which source of moral rules is associated with guiding actions based on beliefs?
Which source of moral rules is associated with guiding actions based on beliefs?
Signup and view all the answers
Why do we engage in philosophical/ethical analysis?
Why do we engage in philosophical/ethical analysis?
Signup and view all the answers
What distinguishes a rational moral system from others?
What distinguishes a rational moral system from others?
Signup and view all the answers
Which ethical theory posits that there are no universal moral norms?
Which ethical theory posits that there are no universal moral norms?
Signup and view all the answers
How are principles of evaluation utilized in a moral system?
How are principles of evaluation utilized in a moral system?
Signup and view all the answers
What does Subjective Relativism imply about moral disagreements between individuals?
What does Subjective Relativism imply about moral disagreements between individuals?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following best describes Ethical Relativism Theory?
Which of the following best describes Ethical Relativism Theory?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is an example of a directive in a moral system?
Which of the following is an example of a directive in a moral system?
Signup and view all the answers
In the context of ethical theories, what distinguishes Consequence-based (Utilitarian) ethics?
In the context of ethical theories, what distinguishes Consequence-based (Utilitarian) ethics?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a significant contrast between Subjective Relativism and Moral Objectivism?
What is a significant contrast between Subjective Relativism and Moral Objectivism?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following types of ethical theories is characterized by duties and obligations?
Which of the following types of ethical theories is characterized by duties and obligations?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a significant drawback of subjective relativism?
What is a significant drawback of subjective relativism?
Signup and view all the answers
Cultural relativism asserts that an action is morally right if:
Cultural relativism asserts that an action is morally right if:
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is an advantage of cultural relativism?
Which of the following is an advantage of cultural relativism?
Signup and view all the answers
What is one of the disadvantages of cultural relativism?
What is one of the disadvantages of cultural relativism?
Signup and view all the answers
What does cultural relativism suggest about moral principles?
What does cultural relativism suggest about moral principles?
Signup and view all the answers
Why is cultural relativism deemed not a workable ethical theory?
Why is cultural relativism deemed not a workable ethical theory?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a potential consequence of individuals defining their own moral codes under cultural relativism?
What is a potential consequence of individuals defining their own moral codes under cultural relativism?
Signup and view all the answers
In the context of moral judgments, cultural relativism emphasizes that:
In the context of moral judgments, cultural relativism emphasizes that:
Signup and view all the answers
What underpins the ethical view of Divine Command Theory?
What underpins the ethical view of Divine Command Theory?
Signup and view all the answers
According to Divine Command Theory, what characterizes good actions?
According to Divine Command Theory, what characterizes good actions?
Signup and view all the answers
What is one of the primary advantages of Divine Command Theory?
What is one of the primary advantages of Divine Command Theory?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a critical disadvantage of Divine Command Theory in a multicultural society?
What is a critical disadvantage of Divine Command Theory in a multicultural society?
Signup and view all the answers
Why might God's commands in Divine Command Theory be problematic?
Why might God's commands in Divine Command Theory be problematic?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following statements reflects a misconception about Divine Command Theory?
Which of the following statements reflects a misconception about Divine Command Theory?
Signup and view all the answers
In Divine Command Theory, how are moral rules characterized?
In Divine Command Theory, how are moral rules characterized?
Signup and view all the answers
What issue does Divine Command Theory face regarding divine commands?
What issue does Divine Command Theory face regarding divine commands?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Moral Systems and Ethical Theories
- Morality comprises rules of conduct that guide behavior in society, aiming to prevent harm and promote human flourishing.
- Ethics is the philosophical study of morality, examining individuals' moral beliefs and actions.
- A moral system includes:
- Rules of Conduct: Directives for individual actions (micro-level) and policies for society (macro-level).
- Principles of Evaluation: Standards to justify rules, such as justice and fairness.
Basic Components of a Moral System
- Rules of Conduct: Examples include directives like "Do not steal" and "Do not harm others."
- Principles of Evaluation: Justification of social policies (e.g., respecting privacy).
Principles for Morality
- Moral foundations include care for the vulnerable, fairness, loyalty to social groups, authority within hierarchies, and sanctity.
Four Features of a Moral System
- Public: Rules are widely known among members.
- Informal: No formal authoritative judges exist.
- Rational: Based on logical principles accessible to all.
- Impartial: Designed to apply equitably to all participants.
Deriving and Justifying Rules
- Core Values: Fundamental beliefs that dictate behavior and distinguish right from wrong.
- Rules are evaluated based on religion, law, and philosophical ethics.
Goals of Ethical Analysis
- To critically evaluate arguments, support claims, provide logical reasoning, and encourage meaningful dialogue.
Ethical Principles
- Beneficence: Focus on doing good and addressing ethical dilemmas.
- Last Harm: Choose options that minimize harm when no beneficial choice exists.
- Respect for Autonomy: Allow individuals to make their own decisions reflecting their lifestyles.
- Justice: Ensure fair actions for all involved.
Types of Ethical Theories
- Ethical Relativism: No universal moral norms; opinions on right and wrong vary by individual or culture.
- Subjective Relativism: Each person defines their own moral framework, leading to opposing views being equally valid.
- Cultural Relativism: Moral rightness is determined by societal approval, varying across cultures and times.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Ethical Theories
-
Cultural Relativism Advantages:
- Promotes cooperation and respect.
- Fosters societal equality and preserves diverse human cultures.
-
Cultural Relativism Disadvantages:
- Can lead to personal bias in moral definitions.
- Risks creating chaos due to the absence of universal moral standards.
Divine Command Theory
- Based on theism, where moral judgments stem from God's commandments.
- Actions aligned with God's will are considered good; those against it are bad.
- Holy texts serve as guides for moral actions.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Divine Command Theory
-
Advantages:
- Obligation to obey a creator; commands set universal moral rules applicable to all.
- Provides objective moral standards independent of societal opinions.
-
Disadvantages:
- Assumes uniformity among diverse cultures, which is unrealistic.
- Relies heavily on obedience rather than rational evaluation.
- Interpretation of scriptures can lead to varied understandings of morality.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
This quiz explores various moral systems and ethical theories presented in Chapter 2.1. Learn how these theories form the basis for addressing ethical, security, and social issues in computing. Ideal for students looking to deepen their understanding of ethical concepts.
