Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which characteristic describes a moral system as accessible to everyone?
Which characteristic describes a moral system as accessible to everyone?
- Informality
- Rationality
- Publicness (correct)
- Impartiality
Which principle is NOT associated with deriving and justifying rules within a moral system?
Which principle is NOT associated with deriving and justifying rules within a moral system?
- Historical precedents (correct)
- Philosophical ethics
- Religious tenets
- Core values
What is the main purpose of morality according to the content?
What is the main purpose of morality according to the content?
- To prevent harm and promote human flourishing (correct)
- To establish a formal legal system
- To enforce strict adherence to religious beliefs
- To create guidelines for economic policies
What does the principle of beneficence guide a decision maker to do?
What does the principle of beneficence guide a decision maker to do?
What are rules of conduct in the context of a moral system primarily intended to do?
What are rules of conduct in the context of a moral system primarily intended to do?
Which aspect of a moral system ensures that rules apply fairly to all participants?
Which aspect of a moral system ensures that rules apply fairly to all participants?
What is a fundamental characteristic of a moral system according to Gert?
What is a fundamental characteristic of a moral system according to Gert?
Which of the following best represents the components of a moral system?
Which of the following best represents the components of a moral system?
Which of the following is a goal shared by ethical theories?
Which of the following is a goal shared by ethical theories?
Which principle is NOT part of the moral foundations mentioned in the content?
Which principle is NOT part of the moral foundations mentioned in the content?
What does the principle of 'Last Harm' focus on when no beneficial choices are apparent?
What does the principle of 'Last Harm' focus on when no beneficial choices are apparent?
What feature of a moral system indicates that the rules are accessible to all members?
What feature of a moral system indicates that the rules are accessible to all members?
Under which ethical principle are individuals allowed to make decisions that pertain to their own lives?
Under which ethical principle are individuals allowed to make decisions that pertain to their own lives?
Which source of moral rules is associated with guiding actions based on beliefs?
Which source of moral rules is associated with guiding actions based on beliefs?
Why do we engage in philosophical/ethical analysis?
Why do we engage in philosophical/ethical analysis?
What distinguishes a rational moral system from others?
What distinguishes a rational moral system from others?
Which ethical theory posits that there are no universal moral norms?
Which ethical theory posits that there are no universal moral norms?
How are principles of evaluation utilized in a moral system?
How are principles of evaluation utilized in a moral system?
What does Subjective Relativism imply about moral disagreements between individuals?
What does Subjective Relativism imply about moral disagreements between individuals?
Which of the following best describes Ethical Relativism Theory?
Which of the following best describes Ethical Relativism Theory?
Which of the following is an example of a directive in a moral system?
Which of the following is an example of a directive in a moral system?
In the context of ethical theories, what distinguishes Consequence-based (Utilitarian) ethics?
In the context of ethical theories, what distinguishes Consequence-based (Utilitarian) ethics?
What is a significant contrast between Subjective Relativism and Moral Objectivism?
What is a significant contrast between Subjective Relativism and Moral Objectivism?
Which of the following types of ethical theories is characterized by duties and obligations?
Which of the following types of ethical theories is characterized by duties and obligations?
What is a significant drawback of subjective relativism?
What is a significant drawback of subjective relativism?
Cultural relativism asserts that an action is morally right if:
Cultural relativism asserts that an action is morally right if:
Which of the following is an advantage of cultural relativism?
Which of the following is an advantage of cultural relativism?
What is one of the disadvantages of cultural relativism?
What is one of the disadvantages of cultural relativism?
What does cultural relativism suggest about moral principles?
What does cultural relativism suggest about moral principles?
Why is cultural relativism deemed not a workable ethical theory?
Why is cultural relativism deemed not a workable ethical theory?
What is a potential consequence of individuals defining their own moral codes under cultural relativism?
What is a potential consequence of individuals defining their own moral codes under cultural relativism?
In the context of moral judgments, cultural relativism emphasizes that:
In the context of moral judgments, cultural relativism emphasizes that:
What underpins the ethical view of Divine Command Theory?
What underpins the ethical view of Divine Command Theory?
According to Divine Command Theory, what characterizes good actions?
According to Divine Command Theory, what characterizes good actions?
What is one of the primary advantages of Divine Command Theory?
What is one of the primary advantages of Divine Command Theory?
What is a critical disadvantage of Divine Command Theory in a multicultural society?
What is a critical disadvantage of Divine Command Theory in a multicultural society?
Why might God's commands in Divine Command Theory be problematic?
Why might God's commands in Divine Command Theory be problematic?
Which of the following statements reflects a misconception about Divine Command Theory?
Which of the following statements reflects a misconception about Divine Command Theory?
In Divine Command Theory, how are moral rules characterized?
In Divine Command Theory, how are moral rules characterized?
What issue does Divine Command Theory face regarding divine commands?
What issue does Divine Command Theory face regarding divine commands?
Flashcards
Morality
Morality
Rules of conduct in society designed to prevent harm and promote well-being.
Ethics
Ethics
The philosophical study of morality, examining moral beliefs and actions.
Moral System
Moral System
A set of rules and principles to evaluate actions, socially and individually.
Rules of Conduct
Rules of Conduct
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Principles of Evaluation
Principles of Evaluation
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Core Values
Core Values
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Ethical Relativism
Ethical Relativism
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Subjective Relativism
Subjective Relativism
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Cultural Relativism
Cultural Relativism
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Beneficence
Beneficence
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Last Harm
Last Harm
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Respect for Autonomy
Respect for Autonomy
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Justice
Justice
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Divine Command Theory
Divine Command Theory
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Public (Moral System)
Public (Moral System)
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Informal (Moral System)
Informal (Moral System)
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Rational (Moral System)
Rational (Moral System)
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Impartial (Moral System)
Impartial (Moral System)
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Moral Foundations
Moral Foundations
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Study Notes
Moral Systems and Ethical Theories
- Morality comprises rules of conduct that guide behavior in society, aiming to prevent harm and promote human flourishing.
- Ethics is the philosophical study of morality, examining individuals' moral beliefs and actions.
- A moral system includes:
- Rules of Conduct: Directives for individual actions (micro-level) and policies for society (macro-level).
- Principles of Evaluation: Standards to justify rules, such as justice and fairness.
Basic Components of a Moral System
- Rules of Conduct: Examples include directives like "Do not steal" and "Do not harm others."
- Principles of Evaluation: Justification of social policies (e.g., respecting privacy).
Principles for Morality
- Moral foundations include care for the vulnerable, fairness, loyalty to social groups, authority within hierarchies, and sanctity.
Four Features of a Moral System
- Public: Rules are widely known among members.
- Informal: No formal authoritative judges exist.
- Rational: Based on logical principles accessible to all.
- Impartial: Designed to apply equitably to all participants.
Deriving and Justifying Rules
- Core Values: Fundamental beliefs that dictate behavior and distinguish right from wrong.
- Rules are evaluated based on religion, law, and philosophical ethics.
Goals of Ethical Analysis
- To critically evaluate arguments, support claims, provide logical reasoning, and encourage meaningful dialogue.
Ethical Principles
- Beneficence: Focus on doing good and addressing ethical dilemmas.
- Last Harm: Choose options that minimize harm when no beneficial choice exists.
- Respect for Autonomy: Allow individuals to make their own decisions reflecting their lifestyles.
- Justice: Ensure fair actions for all involved.
Types of Ethical Theories
- Ethical Relativism: No universal moral norms; opinions on right and wrong vary by individual or culture.
- Subjective Relativism: Each person defines their own moral framework, leading to opposing views being equally valid.
- Cultural Relativism: Moral rightness is determined by societal approval, varying across cultures and times.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Ethical Theories
-
Cultural Relativism Advantages:
- Promotes cooperation and respect.
- Fosters societal equality and preserves diverse human cultures.
-
Cultural Relativism Disadvantages:
- Can lead to personal bias in moral definitions.
- Risks creating chaos due to the absence of universal moral standards.
Divine Command Theory
- Based on theism, where moral judgments stem from God's commandments.
- Actions aligned with God's will are considered good; those against it are bad.
- Holy texts serve as guides for moral actions.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Divine Command Theory
-
Advantages:
- Obligation to obey a creator; commands set universal moral rules applicable to all.
- Provides objective moral standards independent of societal opinions.
-
Disadvantages:
- Assumes uniformity among diverse cultures, which is unrealistic.
- Relies heavily on obedience rather than rational evaluation.
- Interpretation of scriptures can lead to varied understandings of morality.
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