Podcast
Questions and Answers
What does the Moral Diversity Thesis primarily accept?
What does the Moral Diversity Thesis primarily accept?
- Norms of prohibition are universal.
- Virtue Ethics is universally accepted.
- Moral beliefs can conflict between cultures. (correct)
- All cultures share the same moral beliefs.
Which of the following is NOT one of the types of Moral Diversity mentioned?
Which of the following is NOT one of the types of Moral Diversity mentioned?
- Norms of acceptance (correct)
- Norms of conflict
- Norms of requirement
- Norms of prohibition
What is one of the conflicts that arise from intercultural norms?
What is one of the conflicts that arise from intercultural norms?
- All cultures accept the same moral code.
- A prohibited action is accepted in one culture while another requires it. (correct)
- Some actions are prohibited in all cultures.
- All cultures have uniform ethical standards.
How does Natural Law Theory view ethical standards?
How does Natural Law Theory view ethical standards?
Which philosopher deviated from the Stoic belief regarding fate and purpose?
Which philosopher deviated from the Stoic belief regarding fate and purpose?
What is the primary focus of virtue ethics?
What is the primary focus of virtue ethics?
What is a potential consequence of following Divine Command and Natural Law Theory?
What is a potential consequence of following Divine Command and Natural Law Theory?
According to virtue ethics, how is virtue most commonly acquired?
According to virtue ethics, how is virtue most commonly acquired?
Why does moral diversity present a challenge in a pluralistic society?
Why does moral diversity present a challenge in a pluralistic society?
Which of the following virtues does virtue ethics not consider?
Which of the following virtues does virtue ethics not consider?
What is the Stoics' view on human life?
What is the Stoics' view on human life?
In virtue ethics, what should a virtuous person do when faced with a moral decision?
In virtue ethics, what should a virtuous person do when faced with a moral decision?
What role does wisdom play in virtue ethics according to Aristotle?
What role does wisdom play in virtue ethics according to Aristotle?
What characterizes a vice in virtue ethics?
What characterizes a vice in virtue ethics?
What is a common misconception about achieving virtue?
What is a common misconception about achieving virtue?
What must a virtuous person do according to Aristotle's view?
What must a virtuous person do according to Aristotle's view?
What does Normative Relativism state regarding the judgment of cultures?
What does Normative Relativism state regarding the judgment of cultures?
How does Descriptive Relativism differ from Metaethical Relativism?
How does Descriptive Relativism differ from Metaethical Relativism?
What is a characteristic of Context-Sensitivity Thesis?
What is a characteristic of Context-Sensitivity Thesis?
What does Moral Objectivism argue in contrast to Moral Relativism?
What does Moral Objectivism argue in contrast to Moral Relativism?
What is a common critique of Normative Relativism?
What is a common critique of Normative Relativism?
What does 'situational relativism' refer to?
What does 'situational relativism' refer to?
According to Herodotus, how is culture related to moral standards?
According to Herodotus, how is culture related to moral standards?
What is the implication of Moral Relativism stated in the content?
What is the implication of Moral Relativism stated in the content?
What does Timmons identify as the highest good?
What does Timmons identify as the highest good?
According to the content, what is essential to understanding what it means to be human?
According to the content, what is essential to understanding what it means to be human?
What does virtue signify in Timmons' discussion?
What does virtue signify in Timmons' discussion?
In his ethics, how does Thomas Aquinas build on Aristotle's ideas?
In his ethics, how does Thomas Aquinas build on Aristotle's ideas?
What is the purpose of the Eightfold Path in Buddhism?
What is the purpose of the Eightfold Path in Buddhism?
What concept does Confucius emphasize regarding virtuous behavior?
What concept does Confucius emphasize regarding virtuous behavior?
What is the relationship between virtue and right action according to Virtue Ethics?
What is the relationship between virtue and right action according to Virtue Ethics?
What is a key distinction of the highest good in Timmons' perspective?
What is a key distinction of the highest good in Timmons' perspective?
What is the fundamental virtue in Daoism associated with the concept of 'effortless action'?
What is the fundamental virtue in Daoism associated with the concept of 'effortless action'?
Which of the following best describes the central idea of Daoism?
Which of the following best describes the central idea of Daoism?
How does Kant’s concept of duty differ from utilitarianism?
How does Kant’s concept of duty differ from utilitarianism?
According to Kant, acting immorally is defined as acting in a way that is contrary to what?
According to Kant, acting immorally is defined as acting in a way that is contrary to what?
What does the practice of Wu Wei encourage individuals to cultivate in their lives?
What does the practice of Wu Wei encourage individuals to cultivate in their lives?
What can be inferred about Kant’s views on moral requirements?
What can be inferred about Kant’s views on moral requirements?
Which of the following is NOT a component of Kant's moral theory on duty?
Which of the following is NOT a component of Kant's moral theory on duty?
Which philosopher is particularly associated with the Enlightenment and known for his ideas on duty ethics?
Which philosopher is particularly associated with the Enlightenment and known for his ideas on duty ethics?
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Study Notes
Moral Relativism
- When immersed in a culture, individuals accept and create their own moral code
- Relativism states that morality is relative to culture, leading to conflicting views on what actions are right or wrong
- Descriptive Relativism observes differences in moral beliefs across cultures
- Normative Relativism argues that no culture should be judged superior or inferior to others
Moral Objectivism
- Moral objectivism claims that some moral norms hold true regardless of culture and are not dependent on social norms
- It stands in direct opposition to moral relativism
Context Sensitivity and Moral Diversity
- Context sensitivity acknowledges the influence of specific circumstances on moral judgments, regardless of cultural perspectives
- Moral Diversity thesis describes the existence of conflicting moral beliefs across cultures
Natural Law Theory
- Natural Law theory suggests that humans possess innate values that guide their behavior
- Stoicism emphasizes the concept of "logos spermatikos", a rational seed within humanity, guiding fate or destiny
- Aristotle distinguishes human nature from human life, asserting a purpose to existence rather than predetermined fate
Virtue Ethics
- Virtue ethics emphasizes that actions must align with virtues to be considered ethical
- Virtue is a foundation of character, acquired through repeated acts of goodness
- Virtue ethics prioritizes actions that lead to a "good life" and encompasses virtues such as honesty, integrity, diligence, and generosity
Immanuel Kant's Deontological Ethics (Duty Ethics)
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Kant's thought blends rationalism and empiricism, seeking a balance between reason and experience
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Kant argues that moral requirements are rational commands, and acting immorally is a deviation from reason
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Duty is what we ought to do, emphasizing the intrinsic rightness of the act rather than its consequences
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