Mood Disorders Overview
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Mood Disorders Overview

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Questions and Answers

What is one primary goal of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT)?

  • To increase physical activity levels
  • To educate on bipolar disorder symptoms
  • To detach from depression-related thoughts (correct)
  • To enhance family communication

    • Which therapy aims to improve relationship satisfaction as part of its treatment approach?

  • Behavioral activation (BA) therapy
  • Family-focused treatment (FFT)
  • Behavioral couples therapy (correct)
  • Cognitive Therapy (CT)

    • What is a significant characteristic of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)?

  • It is used primarily for treatment non-responders (correct)
  • It is a first-line treatment for moderate depression
  • It increases physical brain activity immediately
  • It is an outpatient procedure with no side effects

    • What component does cognitive therapy (CT) additionally address in bipolar disorder treatment?

    <p>Early signs of mania</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment option uses an electromagnetic coil to stimulate brain activity?

    <p>Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Depression (rTMS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary characteristic of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) episodes?

    <p>Symptoms typically dissipate over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under DSM-5 criteria, how long must depressive symptoms be present to diagnose Major Depressive Disorder?

    <p>At least 2 weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What demographic is reported to have a higher prevalence of Major Depressive Disorder?

    <p>People living in poverty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is NOT included in the criteria for Persistent Depressive Disorder (PDD)?

    <p>Extreme weight loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the lifetime prevalence rate of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)?

    <p>16.2%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which age group is typically associated with the onset of Major Depressive Disorder?

    <p>Early 20s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes a common symptom presentation of depression across various cultures?

    <p>Focus on somatic symptoms like pain and fatigue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of individuals with Major Depressive Disorder also experience an anxiety disorder at some point?

    <p>60%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mood disorder is characterized by having at least one lifetime manic episode?

    <p>Bipolar I disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom for major depressive disorder that must be present for diagnosis?

    <p>Sad mood or loss of interest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long must symptoms persist for a diagnosis of persistent depressive disorder?

    <p>At least 2 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disorder includes severe recurrent temper outbursts beginning before age 10?

    <p>Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In bipolar II disorder, what two episodes must be present for diagnosis?

    <p>One major depressive episode and one hypomanic episode</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is NOT part of the criteria for major depressive disorder?

    <p>Extreme euphoria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the required duration for the mood changes in cyclothymia?

    <p>At least 2 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes premenstrual dysphoric disorder from other mood disorders?

    <p>Symptoms occur in the week before menses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered the most important trigger of depression according to hopelessness theory?

    <p>Hopelessness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way does the attributional style relate to mood disorders?

    <p>It limits a person's ability to improve their situation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most detrimental form of rumination according to rumination theory?

    <p>Brooding regretfully over causes of events</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is a predictor of mania in individuals with bipolar disorder?

    <p>High reward sensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of therapy focuses on interpersonal problems in treating depression?

    <p>Interpersonal psychotherapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of cognitive therapy in treating depression?

    <p>To alter maladaptive thought patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a trigger for depressive episodes in bipolar disorder?

    <p>Increased social support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes a component of hopelessness theory?

    <p>It identifies persistence in negative outcomes as critical.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes a hypomanic episode from a manic episode?

    <p>Hypomanic episodes involve less intense symptoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly characterizes Bipolar II disorder?

    <p>Requires at least one major depressive episode.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of a manic episode as per the DSM-5 criteria?

    <p>Symptoms cause significant distress or functional impairment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT a symptom of mania or hypomania?

    <p>Severe depression.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms must be present for a diagnosis of a manic episode?

    <p>Euphoria or elevated mood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the minimum duration of symptoms for a hypomanic episode?

    <p>4 days.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of Bipolar disorders, what is meant by 'mania'?

    <p>A state of intense elation, irritability, or activation lasting at least 1 week.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a required symptom for a manic episode if the mood is irritable?

    <p>Decreased need for sleep.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Mood Disorders Overview

    • Major Depressive Disorder (MDD): A disorder characterized by five or more depressive symptoms, including sad mood or loss of pleasure, for at least two weeks. It is episodic and often recurrent.
    • Persistent Depressive Disorder (PDD): Characterized by a depressed mood occurring for at least two years (one year for children and adolescents) with at least two other symptoms of depression. Symptoms do not clear for more than 2 months at a time.
    • Bipolar I Disorder: At least one lifetime manic episode is required for diagnosis.
    • Bipolar II Disorder: At least one lifetime hypomanic episode and one major depressive episode are needed for diagnosis.
    • Cyclothymia: Recurrent mood changes from high to low for at least 2 years, without hypomanic or depressive episodes.

    Mania and Hypomania

    • Mania: A state of intense elation, irritability, or activation.
    • Hypomania: Less intense, but involves symptoms of mania without significant impairment or psychosis.
    • Manic episodes: Must last for at least one week.
    • Hypomanic episodes: Must last for at least four days.

    Epidemiology of Mood Disorders

    • Lifetime prevalence of MDD: 16.2%
    • Lifetime prevalence of depression lasting more than 2 years: 5%
    • Depression is twice as common in women than in men.
    • Depression is three times as common among people in poverty.
    • Prevalence of depression varies across cultures:
    • China: 6.5%
    • France: 21%
    • Age of onset: Early 20s, decreasing in recent years.
    • Co-morbidity:
    • 5-30% with MDD experience PDD.
    • 60% of those with MDD will also meet criteria for anxiety disorder at some point.

    Etiology of Mood Disorders

    • The hopelessness theory: The most important trigger of depression is hopelessness.
    • Desirable outcomes won't occur.
    • The person has no ability to change the situation.
    • Attributional style: Negative life events are due to stable and global causes.
    • Rumination theory: A specific way of thinking characterized by repetitive dwelling on sad thoughts, particularly regretfully brooding over the causes of events.

    Psychological Factors in Bipolar Disorder

    • Triggers of depressive episodes: Similar to those seen in MDD, including negative life events, neuroticism, negative cognitions, expressed emotion, and lack of social support.
    • Predictors of Mania:
    • Reward sensitivity: High responsively to rewards, attaining goals, excessive goal pursuit.
    • Sleep disruption.

    Treatment of Mood Disorders

    • Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT): Focuses on interpersonal problems, identifying feelings, making decisions, and resolving them.
    • Cognitive Therapy (CT): Altering maladaptive thought patterns.
    • Monitor and identify automatic thoughts.
    • Challenge and replace negative thoughts with more neutral or positive thoughts.
    • Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT): Uses strategies like meditation to detach from depression-related thoughts and prevent relapse.
    • Behavioral Activation (BA) therapy: Increases participation in positively reinforcing activities to break the cycle of depression, withdrawal, and avoidance.
    • Behavioral Couples Therapy: Enhances communication and relationship satisfaction.

    Psychological Treatment of Bipolar Disorder

    • Psychoeducational approaches: Provide information about symptoms, course, triggers, and treatments.
    • Cognitive therapy (CT): Similar to depression treatment, with additional content to address early signs of mania.
    • Family-focused treatment (FFT): Educates family about the disorder, enhances family communication, and improves problem solving.

    Biological Treatments of Mood Disorders

    • Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT): Reserved for treatment non-responders. Induces a brain seizure and momentary unconsciousness. Side effects include short-term confusion and memory loss.
    • Transcranial magnetic stimulation for depression (TMS): Electromagnetic coil placed against the scalp pulses magnetic energy to increase brain activity. Used for those who fail to respond to antidepressant medications.

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    Related Documents

    Abnormal Psychology: Mood Disorders PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers various mood disorders including Major Depressive Disorder, Persistent Depressive Disorder, Bipolar I and II Disorders, and Cyclothymia. Test your knowledge on the definitions, characteristics, and differences between these mood disorders. Understand the states of mania and hypomania as well.

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