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Questions and Answers
What is the defining characteristic of Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD)?
What is the defining characteristic of Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD)?
Preoccupation with orderliness and perfectionism
Individuals with Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD) often lack __________ into their behavior.
Individuals with Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD) often lack __________ into their behavior.
insight
Why should Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) not be diagnosed in the context of bereavement?
Why should Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) not be diagnosed in the context of bereavement?
Personality disorders are lifelong conditions that disrupt thoughts, behavior, and mood.
Personality disorders are lifelong conditions that disrupt thoughts, behavior, and mood.
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Match the personality disorder type with its characteristic feature:
Match the personality disorder type with its characteristic feature:
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What important role does psychotherapy play in treating psychological disorders?
What important role does psychotherapy play in treating psychological disorders?
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What is a mood disorder?
What is a mood disorder?
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What are common symptoms of mood disorders?
What are common symptoms of mood disorders?
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Mood disorders can also result from exposure to toxins.
Mood disorders can also result from exposure to toxins.
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___________ involves a chronic, low-grade, depressed, or irritable mood that lasts for at least 2 years.
___________ involves a chronic, low-grade, depressed, or irritable mood that lasts for at least 2 years.
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Match the following treatments with their description:
Match the following treatments with their description:
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What are the two categories of ADHD symptoms?
What are the two categories of ADHD symptoms?
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What is the duration of symptoms for a diagnosis of ADHD?
What is the duration of symptoms for a diagnosis of ADHD?
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What is the typical age range for diagnosing conduct disorder?
What is the typical age range for diagnosing conduct disorder?
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What is the characteristic of Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD)?
What is the characteristic of Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD)?
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What is the primary characteristic of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)?
What is the primary characteristic of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)?
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What is the duration of symptoms for a diagnosis of DMDD?
What is the duration of symptoms for a diagnosis of DMDD?
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What is the change in DSM-5 criteria for binge eating disorder?
What is the change in DSM-5 criteria for binge eating disorder?
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What is the characteristic of Binge Eating Disorder?
What is the characteristic of Binge Eating Disorder?
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What is the characteristic of Intellectual Disability?
What is the characteristic of Intellectual Disability?
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What is the characteristic of Internet Gaming Disorder?
What is the characteristic of Internet Gaming Disorder?
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What is the characteristic of Hoarding Disorder?
What is the characteristic of Hoarding Disorder?
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What is the characteristic of Excoriation (Skin-Picking) Disorder?
What is the characteristic of Excoriation (Skin-Picking) Disorder?
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What is the characteristic of Personality Disorders?
What is the characteristic of Personality Disorders?
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How do grief and depression differ?
How do grief and depression differ?
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Study Notes
Mood Disorders
- A mood disorder is a mental health classification that describes all types of depression and bipolar disorders.
- Types of mood disorders:
- Major depression: feeling sad or hopeless, loss of interest in usual activities, and other symptoms for at least 2 weeks.
- Dysthymia: a chronic, low-grade, depressed, or irritable mood that lasts for at least 2 years.
- Bipolar disorder: periods of depression alternating with periods of mania or elevated mood.
- Mood disorder related to another health condition: triggered by medical illnesses, injuries, or chronic illnesses.
- Substance-induced mood disorder: symptoms of depression caused by the effects of medicine, drug abuse, alcoholism, or other substances.
Causes of Mood Disorders
- Many factors contribute to mood disorders, including:
- Imbalance of brain chemicals.
- Life events (stressful life changes) that can contribute to a depressed mood.
- Mood disorders tend to run in families.
Symptoms of Mood Disorders
- Common symptoms of mood disorders:
- Ongoing sad, anxious, or “empty” mood.
- Feeling hopeless or helpless.
- Low self-esteem.
- Feeling inadequate or worthless.
- Excessive guilt.
- Repeating thoughts of death or suicide.
- Loss of interest in usual activities.
- Changes in appetite and/or weight.
- Trouble sleeping or sleeping too much.
- Decreased energy.
- Trouble concentrating.
- A decrease in the ability to make decisions.
- Frequent physical complaints.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Mood Disorders
- Mood disorders are diagnosed through a complete medical history and psychiatric evaluation.
- Treatment may include:
- Antidepressant and mood stabilizing medicines.
- Psychotherapy, such as cognitive-behavioral and/or interpersonal therapy.
- Family therapy.
- Other therapies, such as electroconvulsive therapy and transcranial stimulation.
Other Psychological Disorders
- Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD):
- Characterized by a pattern of behavior that results in performance issues in social, educational, or work settings.
- Includes symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.
- Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD):
- Characterized by communication deficits, difficulty with social interactions, and repetitive behaviors.
- Symptoms fall on a continuum, with some individuals showing mild symptoms and others having more severe symptoms.
- Conduct Disorders:
- Characterized by behavior that violates the rights of others or major societal norms.
- Divided into two categories: inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity.
- Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD):
- Characterized by severe and recurrent temper outbursts that are grossly out of proportion to the situation.
- Typically diagnosed prior to adulthood.
- Feeding and Eating Disorders:
- Binge eating disorder: recurring episodes of eating significantly more food in a short period of time than most people would eat under similar circumstances.
- Anorexia nervosa: characterized by distorted body image and excessive dieting that leads to severe weight loss with a pathological fear of becoming fat.
- Intellectual Disability:
- Involves impairments of general mental abilities that impact adaptive functioning in three domains: conceptual, social, and practical.
- Internet Gaming Disorder:
- Characterized by preoccupation with online games, leading to clinically significant impairment or distress.
Note: These study notes are a summary of the text and are not meant to be a comprehensive or exhaustive list of all psychological disorders.### Obsessive Compulsive and Related Disorders
- Gaming Disorder: a condition where individuals spend excessive time playing games, leading to negative impacts on their academic or job functioning.
- Symptoms of withdrawal are observed when individuals are unable to play, similar to those experienced by drug addicts when deprived of their substance.
Hoarding Disorders
- Characterized by persistent difficulty discarding or parting with possessions, regardless of their value.
- Accrued possessions fill up or clutter active living areas, rendering them unusable.
- The behavior has harmful effects on the individual and their family members.
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)
- A medical illness that affects feelings, thoughts, and behavior, leading to persistent sadness and loss of interest in activities.
- Depression can lead to various emotional and physical problems and requires long-term treatment.
Excoriation (Skin-Picking) Disorder
- Characterized by recurrent skin-picking, resulting in skin lesions and physical problems.
- Individuals must have made repeated attempts to decrease or stop the skin picking, which causes clinically significant distress or impairment.
Personality Disorders
- Associated with ways of thinking and feeling about oneself and others that significantly and adversely affect an individual's functioning.
- Ten distinct types of personality disorders exist, including paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal, antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic, avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive.
Mild Neurocognitive Disorder
- A level of cognitive decline that requires compensatory strategies, going beyond normal issues of aging.
Other Psychological Disorders
- Gender Dysphoria
- Paraphilic Disorder
- Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
- Schizophrenia
- Sleep-Wake Disorders
- Specific Learning Disorder
- Social Communication Disorder
- Somatic Symptom Disorder
- Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders
Prevention and Treatment of Psychological Disorders
- Mental health promotion refers to positive mental health, considering it a resource and a basic human right.
- Strategies include improving nutrition, housing, education, and community networks, as well as reducing economic insecurity and stressors.
- Interventions can be implemented in schools, workplaces, and communities to enhance resilience and reduce risk behavior.
Treatment of Psychological Disorders
- Recognizing the existence of a problem is the first step in treatment.
- Regular medical care allows for early screening tests and prompt evaluation of symptoms and risks.
- Treatment frequently involves psychotherapy, skill development, and thought process improvement, with medication and hospitalization as necessary.
- Common treatments include antianxiety, antidepressant, and antipsychotic medications, as well as cognitive behavioral therapy, family therapy, group therapy, and individual therapy.
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Description
This quiz covers mood disorders, a mental health classification, and the risks associated with depression, including its higher prevalence in women and increased chance of diagnosis in family members.
