Questions and Answers
What is the defining characteristic of Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD)?
Preoccupation with orderliness and perfectionism
Individuals with Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder (OCPD) often lack __________ into their behavior.
insight
Why should Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) not be diagnosed in the context of bereavement?
Personality disorders are lifelong conditions that disrupt thoughts, behavior, and mood.
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Match the personality disorder type with its characteristic feature:
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What important role does psychotherapy play in treating psychological disorders?
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What is a mood disorder?
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What are common symptoms of mood disorders?
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Mood disorders can also result from exposure to toxins.
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___________ involves a chronic, low-grade, depressed, or irritable mood that lasts for at least 2 years.
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Match the following treatments with their description:
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What are the two categories of ADHD symptoms?
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What is the duration of symptoms for a diagnosis of ADHD?
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What is the typical age range for diagnosing conduct disorder?
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What is the characteristic of Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD)?
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What is the primary characteristic of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)?
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What is the duration of symptoms for a diagnosis of DMDD?
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What is the change in DSM-5 criteria for binge eating disorder?
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What is the characteristic of Binge Eating Disorder?
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What is the characteristic of Intellectual Disability?
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What is the characteristic of Internet Gaming Disorder?
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What is the characteristic of Hoarding Disorder?
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What is the characteristic of Excoriation (Skin-Picking) Disorder?
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What is the characteristic of Personality Disorders?
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How do grief and depression differ?
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Study Notes
Mood Disorders
- A mood disorder is a mental health classification that describes all types of depression and bipolar disorders.
- Types of mood disorders:
- Major depression: feeling sad or hopeless, loss of interest in usual activities, and other symptoms for at least 2 weeks.
- Dysthymia: a chronic, low-grade, depressed, or irritable mood that lasts for at least 2 years.
- Bipolar disorder: periods of depression alternating with periods of mania or elevated mood.
- Mood disorder related to another health condition: triggered by medical illnesses, injuries, or chronic illnesses.
- Substance-induced mood disorder: symptoms of depression caused by the effects of medicine, drug abuse, alcoholism, or other substances.
Causes of Mood Disorders
- Many factors contribute to mood disorders, including:
- Imbalance of brain chemicals.
- Life events (stressful life changes) that can contribute to a depressed mood.
- Mood disorders tend to run in families.
Symptoms of Mood Disorders
- Common symptoms of mood disorders:
- Ongoing sad, anxious, or “empty” mood.
- Feeling hopeless or helpless.
- Low self-esteem.
- Feeling inadequate or worthless.
- Excessive guilt.
- Repeating thoughts of death or suicide.
- Loss of interest in usual activities.
- Changes in appetite and/or weight.
- Trouble sleeping or sleeping too much.
- Decreased energy.
- Trouble concentrating.
- A decrease in the ability to make decisions.
- Frequent physical complaints.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Mood Disorders
- Mood disorders are diagnosed through a complete medical history and psychiatric evaluation.
- Treatment may include:
- Antidepressant and mood stabilizing medicines.
- Psychotherapy, such as cognitive-behavioral and/or interpersonal therapy.
- Family therapy.
- Other therapies, such as electroconvulsive therapy and transcranial stimulation.
Other Psychological Disorders
- Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD):
- Characterized by a pattern of behavior that results in performance issues in social, educational, or work settings.
- Includes symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.
- Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD):
- Characterized by communication deficits, difficulty with social interactions, and repetitive behaviors.
- Symptoms fall on a continuum, with some individuals showing mild symptoms and others having more severe symptoms.
- Conduct Disorders:
- Characterized by behavior that violates the rights of others or major societal norms.
- Divided into two categories: inattention and hyperactivity-impulsivity.
- Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder (DMDD):
- Characterized by severe and recurrent temper outbursts that are grossly out of proportion to the situation.
- Typically diagnosed prior to adulthood.
- Feeding and Eating Disorders:
- Binge eating disorder: recurring episodes of eating significantly more food in a short period of time than most people would eat under similar circumstances.
- Anorexia nervosa: characterized by distorted body image and excessive dieting that leads to severe weight loss with a pathological fear of becoming fat.
- Intellectual Disability:
- Involves impairments of general mental abilities that impact adaptive functioning in three domains: conceptual, social, and practical.
- Internet Gaming Disorder:
- Characterized by preoccupation with online games, leading to clinically significant impairment or distress.
Note: These study notes are a summary of the text and are not meant to be a comprehensive or exhaustive list of all psychological disorders.### Obsessive Compulsive and Related Disorders
- Gaming Disorder: a condition where individuals spend excessive time playing games, leading to negative impacts on their academic or job functioning.
- Symptoms of withdrawal are observed when individuals are unable to play, similar to those experienced by drug addicts when deprived of their substance.
Hoarding Disorders
- Characterized by persistent difficulty discarding or parting with possessions, regardless of their value.
- Accrued possessions fill up or clutter active living areas, rendering them unusable.
- The behavior has harmful effects on the individual and their family members.
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)
- A medical illness that affects feelings, thoughts, and behavior, leading to persistent sadness and loss of interest in activities.
- Depression can lead to various emotional and physical problems and requires long-term treatment.
Excoriation (Skin-Picking) Disorder
- Characterized by recurrent skin-picking, resulting in skin lesions and physical problems.
- Individuals must have made repeated attempts to decrease or stop the skin picking, which causes clinically significant distress or impairment.
Personality Disorders
- Associated with ways of thinking and feeling about oneself and others that significantly and adversely affect an individual's functioning.
- Ten distinct types of personality disorders exist, including paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal, antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic, avoidant, dependent, and obsessive-compulsive.
Mild Neurocognitive Disorder
- A level of cognitive decline that requires compensatory strategies, going beyond normal issues of aging.
Other Psychological Disorders
- Gender Dysphoria
- Paraphilic Disorder
- Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
- Schizophrenia
- Sleep-Wake Disorders
- Specific Learning Disorder
- Social Communication Disorder
- Somatic Symptom Disorder
- Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders
Prevention and Treatment of Psychological Disorders
- Mental health promotion refers to positive mental health, considering it a resource and a basic human right.
- Strategies include improving nutrition, housing, education, and community networks, as well as reducing economic insecurity and stressors.
- Interventions can be implemented in schools, workplaces, and communities to enhance resilience and reduce risk behavior.
Treatment of Psychological Disorders
- Recognizing the existence of a problem is the first step in treatment.
- Regular medical care allows for early screening tests and prompt evaluation of symptoms and risks.
- Treatment frequently involves psychotherapy, skill development, and thought process improvement, with medication and hospitalization as necessary.
- Common treatments include antianxiety, antidepressant, and antipsychotic medications, as well as cognitive behavioral therapy, family therapy, group therapy, and individual therapy.
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Description
This quiz covers mood disorders, a mental health classification, and the risks associated with depression, including its higher prevalence in women and increased chance of diagnosis in family members.
