30 Questions
What type of reaction occurs when two monomers bond together through the loss of a water molecule?
Dehydration synthesis
Which of the following is a long molecule consisting of many similar building blocks?
Polymer
In which type of bond formation does hydrolysis occur?
Peptide bond formation
What are enzymes specialized macromolecules that speed up?
Polymer formation reactions
Which of the following is essentially the reverse process of a dehydration reaction?
Hydrolysis
What is the purpose of dehydration synthesis in terms of building macromolecules?
To synthesize polymers by removing water molecules
What are the simplest carbohydrates known as?
Monosaccharides
Which of the following is the most common monosaccharide?
Glucose
How are monosaccharides classified?
By the location of the carbonyl group
Which type of sugar is characterized by having a ketone group in its structure?
Aldose
What is the molecular formula of glucose?
$C6H12O6$
Which sugar is an intermediate in photosynthesis?
Ribulose
What is the main function of monosaccharides in cells?
Provide energy
In which form do many sugars exist in aqueous solutions?
Both linear and ring forms
Why are only sugars in the linear form able to reduce other molecules?
Existence of aldehyde group
What is the covalent bond called that joins two monosaccharides in a disaccharide?
Glycosidic linkage
What type of linkage is present in the synthesis of maltose?
1-4 glycosidic linkage
Why is sucrose considered a non-reducing sugar?
It lacks a free aldehyde group
Which molecule is present in sucrose that prevents it from having a free aldehyde or keto group?
Glucose
What type of linkages determine the architecture and function of a polysaccharide?
Glycosidic linkages
Where is starch stored in plants?
Within chloroplasts and other plastids
What type of polysaccharide is glycogen?
Storage polysaccharide in animals
What is the main component of the tough wall of plant cells?
Cellulose
What are the two ring forms for glucose that determine the difference between starch and cellulose?
Alpha (α) and beta (β)
Why are cellulose molecules straight and unbranched?
Due to the presence of parallel hydrogen bonds between cellulose molecules.
What is the main difference between alpha and beta glucose ring structures?
The configuration of hydroxyl groups at C1 carbon.
Why can enzymes that digest starch not hydrolyze beta linkages in cellulose?
Because cellulose is composed of beta glucose monomers instead of alpha glucose.
What role do microfibrils play in plant cell walls?
Providing structural support and strength.
What is the function of insoluble fiber from cellulose in the digestive tract?
To promote healthy bowel movements.
In what part of arthropods is chitin primarily found?
In the exoskeleton.
Explore the differences between monosaccharides (Trioses, Pentoses, Hexoses) and aldoses in terms of their molecular structures. Learn about their varying carbonyl group locations and ring formations in aqueous solutions. Discover the significance of monosaccharides as a fuel source for cells and building materials.
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