Monosaccharides and Their Differences from Aldoses

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What type of reaction occurs when two monomers bond together through the loss of a water molecule?

Hydrolysis

Oxidation

Dehydration synthesis (correct)

Reduction

Which of the following is a long molecule consisting of many similar building blocks?

Polymer (correct)

Glycosidic bond

Monomer

Disaccharide

In which type of bond formation does hydrolysis occur?

Glycosidic bond formation

Carboxylation

Dehydration synthesis

Peptide bond formation (correct)

What are enzymes specialized macromolecules that speed up?

Polymer formation reactions Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is essentially the reverse process of a dehydration reaction?

Hydrolysis Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of dehydration synthesis in terms of building macromolecules?

To synthesize polymers by removing water molecules Signup and view all the answers

What are the simplest carbohydrates known as?

Monosaccharides Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the most common monosaccharide?

Glucose Signup and view all the answers

How are monosaccharides classified?

By the location of the carbonyl group Signup and view all the answers

Which type of sugar is characterized by having a ketone group in its structure?

Aldose Signup and view all the answers

What is the molecular formula of glucose?

$C6H12O6$ Signup and view all the answers

Which sugar is an intermediate in photosynthesis?

Ribulose Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of monosaccharides in cells?

Provide energy Signup and view all the answers

In which form do many sugars exist in aqueous solutions?

Both linear and ring forms Signup and view all the answers

Why are only sugars in the linear form able to reduce other molecules?

Existence of aldehyde group Signup and view all the answers

What is the covalent bond called that joins two monosaccharides in a disaccharide?

Glycosidic linkage Signup and view all the answers

What type of linkage is present in the synthesis of maltose?

1-4 glycosidic linkage Signup and view all the answers

Why is sucrose considered a non-reducing sugar?

It lacks a free aldehyde group Signup and view all the answers

Which molecule is present in sucrose that prevents it from having a free aldehyde or keto group?

Glucose Signup and view all the answers

What type of linkages determine the architecture and function of a polysaccharide?

Glycosidic linkages Signup and view all the answers

Where is starch stored in plants?

Within chloroplasts and other plastids Signup and view all the answers

What type of polysaccharide is glycogen?

Storage polysaccharide in animals Signup and view all the answers

What is the main component of the tough wall of plant cells?

Cellulose Signup and view all the answers

What are the two ring forms for glucose that determine the difference between starch and cellulose?

Alpha (α) and beta (β) Signup and view all the answers

Why are cellulose molecules straight and unbranched?

Due to the presence of parallel hydrogen bonds between cellulose molecules. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between alpha and beta glucose ring structures?

The configuration of hydroxyl groups at C1 carbon. Signup and view all the answers

Why can enzymes that digest starch not hydrolyze beta linkages in cellulose?

Because cellulose is composed of beta glucose monomers instead of alpha glucose. Signup and view all the answers

What role do microfibrils play in plant cell walls?

Providing structural support and strength. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of insoluble fiber from cellulose in the digestive tract?

To promote healthy bowel movements. Signup and view all the answers

In what part of arthropods is chitin primarily found?

In the exoskeleton. Signup and view all the answers