22 Questions
Which biomolecule is the most abundant in plants, except for water?
Carbohydrates
What is the empirical formula of simple carbohydrates?
CH2O
Which carbohydrate is a structural element of the cell wall in plants?
Cellulose
Which of the following is an example of a heteropolysaccharide?
Hyaluronic acid
What is the function of chitin?
To give rigidity to the exoskeletons of crabs
Which of the following is NOT a class of dietary carbohydrates?
Glycolipids
Which one of the following is true about monosaccharides?
They are water-insoluble.
Which one of the following is an example of a disaccharide?
Sucrose
Which one of the following is true about chiral molecules?
They can have four different groups attached to the chiral center.
Which one of the following is true about Fischer projection formula?
It represents chiral centers as the intersection of vertical and horizontal lines.
Which of the following statements about chiral compounds is true?
Chiral compounds rotate the plane of polarized light
Which of the following is an example of a monosaccharide with an aldehyde group and 6 carbon atoms?
D-Glucose
Which of the following is true about the cyclic forms of monosaccharides?
Cyclic structures are in equilibrium with open chain forms
Which of the following is the sweetest tasting monosaccharide?
D-Fructose
Which of the following is true about the Haworth projection formula?
It is a two-dimensional notation that shows the structure of cyclic monosaccharides.
What determines the specific identity of a monosaccharide in the Haworth projection formula?
The position of the -OH groups in the monosaccharide.
What is the result of reducing the carbonyl group in monosaccharides?
Sugar alcohols or alditols.
What are disaccharides formed by?
The glycosidic linkage between two monosaccharides.
Which of the following statements is true about enantiomers?
Enantiomers have different chemical and physical properties.
Which of the following is true about diastereomers?
Diastereomers have different chemical and physical properties.
What is the definition of a chiral center?
A carbon atom attached to 4 different groups.
What determines the D or L configuration of a molecule?
The position of the highest-numbered chiral center.
Study Notes
Monosaccharides and Polysaccharides: Structures and Functions
- Monosaccharides can exist in different forms, such as α and β, depending on the position of the -OH groups.
- Haworth projection formula is a two-dimensional notation that shows the three-dimensional structure of cyclic monosaccharides.
- Anomers are cyclic monosaccharides that differ in the position of substituents on the anomeric carbon atom.
- The configuration of monosaccharides can be α or β, determined by the direction of the -OH groups.
- Monosaccharides can form pyranose (six-atom ring) or furanose (five-atom ring) structures.
- The positioning of -OH groups in the Haworth projection formula determines the specific identity of a monosaccharide.
- Monosaccharides can undergo oxidation to produce acidic sugars, such as aldaric acids and alduronic acids.
- Reduction of the carbonyl group in monosaccharides yields sugar alcohols or alditols.
- Glycoside formation involves the replacement of the hemiacetal carbon -OH group with an -OR group, producing acetal derivatives.
- Disaccharides, such as lactose and maltose, are formed by the glycosidic linkage between two monosaccharides.
- Blood types are determined by the presence of specific oligosaccharides on the plasma membranes of red blood cells.
- Polysaccharides, such as cellulose and glycogen, are long chains of monosaccharide units bonded by glycosidic linkages.
Test your knowledge on monosaccharides and polysaccharides with this quiz! Explore their structures, functions, and various forms, including α and β configurations, Haworth projection formulas, anomers, and ring structures. Learn about the oxidation and reduction processes, glycoside formation, and the role of oligosaccharides in blood typing. Plus, delve into the world of polysaccharides like cellulose and glycogen.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
