Monohybrid at Dihybrid Cross

Monohybrid Cross

• A monohybrid cross is a genetic cross between parents that differ in a single trait (e.g., flower color).
• It tracks the inheritance of a single gene.
• The possible genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring can be predicted using a Punnett square.
• A monohybrid cross can show the dominant-recessive relationship between alleles.

Dihybrid Cross

• A dihybrid cross is a cross between individuals that are heterozygous for two different traits.
• It tracks the inheritance of two genes simultaneously.
• The Punnett square for a dihybrid cross is more complex than that for a monohybrid cross, considering all possible combinations of alleles from each parent.
• Predicts phenotypic ratios of offspring (e.g., round yellow, round green, wrinkled yellow, wrinkled green).
• The outcome of a dihybrid cross demonstrates whether two genes are linked (segregating independently or not).

Calculating Probability of a Trait

• In a monohybrid cross, the probability of an offspring inheriting a specific phenotype is directly calculated from the genotypes produced by the Punnett square.
• For example, if a cross between two heterozygotes (Aa) results in three genotypes (AA, Aa, aa), with one resulting in a dominant phenotype (AA or Aa) and one recessive phenotype (aa), the percentage for a dominant or recessive trait can be calculated as the proportion of offspring within each genotype type.
• If the dihybrid cross shows independent assortment: the % of each phenotype can be determined by multiplying the individual probabilities of each trait.
• For a dihybrid cross, the probability of a specific phenotype will be determined separately for each trait, utilizing the rules of independent assortment.
• For example, if there is a 75% chance of a specific dominant trait and 50% chance for another dominant trait, then the combined probability will be 0.75 * 0.50 = 0.375 or 37.5%.
• The probability of a specific phenotype can be determined from the result of a dihybrid cross, which highlights the probability of an offspring inheriting a specific combination of traits.
• The results can be displayed in a graphical (or tabular) manner.

Alamin ang tungkol sa monohybrid at dihybrid cross sa larangan ng genetika. Ipinapakita nito kung paano nakakaapekto ang mga gen sa mga katangian ng mga supling. Gamitin ang Punnett square upang matukoy ang mga posibleng genotypes at phenotypes ng mga hayop.