Money and Monetary Theory

Study Notes

Money is commonly used and generally accepted as a medium of exchange or as a standard of value.
Money is one of the most outstanding inventions in the history of mankind.
Functions of money include medium of exchange, standard of value and store of value.
Commodities have been used as mediums of exchange and standards of value throughout history.
Monetary standards are described in terms its standard money.
Legal tender means legal means of payments.
A good feature of the inconvertible paper standard is the money supply.
Money supply refers to money in circulation.
Money supply is composed of currency circulation, demand deposit or checking account, savings and time deposits and large negotiable certificates of deposits at commercial banks.
Monetary theory analyzes the role of money in the economic system.
Monetary theory is simply the theory of the value of money.
Value of money refers to its purchasing power.
The quantity theory of money is a popular monetary theory.

Trade among the early Filipinos and with traders from the neighboring islands was conducted through barter.
The inconvenience of barter later led to the use of some objects as medium of exchange.
Barter is where people exchanged goods directly for other goods.
Three hundred years of Spanish rule left many indelible imprints on Philippine numismatics.
At the end of the Spanish regime, Philippine money was a multiplicity of currencies including Mexican pesos, Alfonsino pesos and copper coins of other currencies.
The Philippine Republic of 1898 under General Emilio Aguinaldo issued its own coins and paper currency backed by the country's natural resources.
The Americans instituted a monetary system for the Philippine based on gold.
The Philippine peso pegged to the American dollar at a ratio of 2:1 and the US Congress approved the Coinage Act for the Philippines in 1903.
World War II caused disturbances in the Philippine monetary system and the Japanese Occupation Forces issued war notes in big denominations.
The country used as currency old treasury certificates overprinted with the word "Victory" after gaining independence from the United States following the end of World War II.

Durability: Objects must withstand physical wear and tear.
Portability: People need to be able to take money as they go about their business.
Divisibility: To be useful, money must be easily divided into smaller denominations or units of value.
Uniformity: Any two units of money must be uniform, the same in terms of what they will buy.
Limited Supply: Money must be available only in limited quantities.
Acceptability: Everyone must be able to exchange the money for goods and services.

Coins were supplemented with paper currency that was backed by valuable metals during the industrial revolution and the exclusive use of coins as a medium of exchange became increasingly inconvenient.
Credit is the ability to borrow money now with the promise to repay it in the future.
Credit can be useful but also lead to reckless spending and debt.
"Buy now, pay later" applies to buying with credit

The financial sector, especially in the provision of retail and wholesale financial services has been profoundly effect by the rapid development of electronic technology
Electronic banking services are offered to personal and business customers by banks.
The new generation currency banknote series is the current iteration of Philippine currency.