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Questions and Answers
Which class of mollusks is characterized by having a coiled shell in most species?
Which class of mollusks is characterized by having a coiled shell in most species?
- Polyplacophora
- Gastropoda (correct)
- Cephalopoda
- Bivalvia
What distinguishes class Bivalvia from other mollusk classes?
What distinguishes class Bivalvia from other mollusk classes?
- Tentacles with beaks
- Two halves of a shell (correct)
- Asymmetrical body structure
- Presence of radula
Which of the following is a feature of the Cephalopoda class?
Which of the following is a feature of the Cephalopoda class?
- Closed circulatory system (correct)
- Radula for feeding
- Head well developed
- Grazing behavior
Which organism is not a member of the gastropod class?
Which organism is not a member of the gastropod class?
What is a common feeding method used by bivalves?
What is a common feeding method used by bivalves?
What distinguishes members of the clade Errantia from Sedentaria?
What distinguishes members of the clade Errantia from Sedentaria?
Which structure is associated with Errantians and aids in their movement?
Which structure is associated with Errantians and aids in their movement?
What is a common characteristic of Sedentarians?
What is a common characteristic of Sedentarians?
Which of the following is NOT considered part of the clade Sedentaria?
Which of the following is NOT considered part of the clade Sedentaria?
What type of organisms does the Ecdysozoa clade primarily include?
What type of organisms does the Ecdysozoa clade primarily include?
What is used by echinoderms for gas exchange, locomotion, and feeding?
What is used by echinoderms for gas exchange, locomotion, and feeding?
Which of the following organisms is a member of the class Asteroidea?
Which of the following organisms is a member of the class Asteroidea?
What distinguishing feature do all species in the Phylum Echinodermata share in their adult form?
What distinguishing feature do all species in the Phylum Echinodermata share in their adult form?
Which of the following best describes the reproductive strategy of echinoderms?
Which of the following best describes the reproductive strategy of echinoderms?
Which species is categorized under the class Ophiuroidea?
Which species is categorized under the class Ophiuroidea?
What is the defining characteristic of invertebrates?
What is the defining characteristic of invertebrates?
Which of the following phyla contains organisms that are primarily marine and include sponges?
Which of the following phyla contains organisms that are primarily marine and include sponges?
What type of reproduction occurs in sponges, allowing them to produce new individuals from fragments?
What type of reproduction occurs in sponges, allowing them to produce new individuals from fragments?
What is a common characteristic found in members of the phylum Cnidaria?
What is a common characteristic found in members of the phylum Cnidaria?
How do cnidarians capture their prey?
How do cnidarians capture their prey?
What defining feature distinguishes Lophotrochozoa from other groups of invertebrates?
What defining feature distinguishes Lophotrochozoa from other groups of invertebrates?
Which class within Phylum Platyhelminthes is mostly free-living and marine?
Which class within Phylum Platyhelminthes is mostly free-living and marine?
In what way do planarians, which belong to the class Turbellaria, excrete nitrogenous waste?
In what way do planarians, which belong to the class Turbellaria, excrete nitrogenous waste?
What type of movement is primarily used by Dugesia?
What type of movement is primarily used by Dugesia?
Which characteristic is true about Class Trematoda (flukes)?
Which characteristic is true about Class Trematoda (flukes)?
What feature distinguishes Class Cestoidea (tapeworms)?
What feature distinguishes Class Cestoidea (tapeworms)?
Which of the following statements is true about lophophorates?
Which of the following statements is true about lophophorates?
What is a characteristic defining Ectoprocts (bryozoans)?
What is a characteristic defining Ectoprocts (bryozoans)?
What distinguishes brachiopods from clams?
What distinguishes brachiopods from clams?
Which statement about the Phylum Mollusca is correct?
Which statement about the Phylum Mollusca is correct?
What is a defining feature of Class Polyplacophora (chitons)?
What is a defining feature of Class Polyplacophora (chitons)?
What is the primary method of reproduction in insects classified under Class Insecta?
What is the primary method of reproduction in insects classified under Class Insecta?
Which order of insects includes butterflies and moths?
Which order of insects includes butterflies and moths?
Which of the following insects is classified under the order Coleoptera?
Which of the following insects is classified under the order Coleoptera?
Which characteristic is NOT typically found in the Class Crustacea?
Which characteristic is NOT typically found in the Class Crustacea?
Which insect is NOT part of the order Hemiptera?
Which insect is NOT part of the order Hemiptera?
From which order are crabs, shrimp, and lobsters classified?
From which order are crabs, shrimp, and lobsters classified?
Which of the following is often recognized as a primary consumer among Crustacea?
Which of the following is often recognized as a primary consumer among Crustacea?
What is a characteristic of insects in the order Diptera?
What is a characteristic of insects in the order Diptera?
What type of metamorphosis do insects undergo that involves distinct life stages?
What type of metamorphosis do insects undergo that involves distinct life stages?
Which term is used to describe the group of insects that includes termites?
Which term is used to describe the group of insects that includes termites?
Which characteristic is unique to Class Cephalopoda compared to the other classes of mollusks?
Which characteristic is unique to Class Cephalopoda compared to the other classes of mollusks?
How do members of Class Bivalvia primarily obtain food?
How do members of Class Bivalvia primarily obtain food?
What feature distinguishes members of Class Gastropoda from other mollusks?
What feature distinguishes members of Class Gastropoda from other mollusks?
What is a significant anatomical feature shared by members of Phylum Annelida?
What is a significant anatomical feature shared by members of Phylum Annelida?
Which of the following organisms is an example of a gastropod?
Which of the following organisms is an example of a gastropod?
What is a primary characteristic that distinguishes the clade Errantia from the clade Sedentaria?
What is a primary characteristic that distinguishes the clade Errantia from the clade Sedentaria?
Which structure is commonly found in members of the clade Sedentaria that aids in filter feeding?
Which structure is commonly found in members of the clade Sedentaria that aids in filter feeding?
What type of organisms are included in the clade Sedentaria?
What type of organisms are included in the clade Sedentaria?
What role do chaetae play in the anatomy of Errantians?
What role do chaetae play in the anatomy of Errantians?
Which feature is NOT associated with clade Errantia?
Which feature is NOT associated with clade Errantia?
What is the primary habitat of most invertebrate species?
What is the primary habitat of most invertebrate species?
Which characteristic defines members of the Phylum Porifera?
Which characteristic defines members of the Phylum Porifera?
What are cnidocytes used for in Cnidaria?
What are cnidocytes used for in Cnidaria?
What type of reproductive strategy is common among sponges?
What type of reproductive strategy is common among sponges?
What is a defining feature of the Lophotrochozoa clade?
What is a defining feature of the Lophotrochozoa clade?
Which class of Platyhelminthes includes free-living aquatic species?
Which class of Platyhelminthes includes free-living aquatic species?
How do Cnidarians control their movements?
How do Cnidarians control their movements?
What type of body plan is typical for members of the phylum Cnidaria?
What type of body plan is typical for members of the phylum Cnidaria?
What is a characteristic feature of organisms in the Phylum Echinodermata?
What is a characteristic feature of organisms in the Phylum Echinodermata?
Which of the following classes includes species that exhibit a water vascular system?
Which of the following classes includes species that exhibit a water vascular system?
Which organism is classified under the class Ophiuroidea?
Which organism is classified under the class Ophiuroidea?
What is a primary reproductive strategy of echinoderms?
What is a primary reproductive strategy of echinoderms?
Which of the following is a planktonic larval stage characteristic of many Echinoderms?
Which of the following is a planktonic larval stage characteristic of many Echinoderms?
What is a major distinguishing characteristic of phylum Nematoda?
What is a major distinguishing characteristic of phylum Nematoda?
Which class within Arthropoda is known for having book lungs?
Which class within Arthropoda is known for having book lungs?
Which of the following statements correctly describes the Class Myriopoda?
Which of the following statements correctly describes the Class Myriopoda?
What type of circulatory system is found in arthropods?
What type of circulatory system is found in arthropods?
What is a typical feature of insects in the class Insecta?
What is a typical feature of insects in the class Insecta?
Which type of appendages do centipedes possess?
Which type of appendages do centipedes possess?
Which of the following is a defining characteristic of the phylum Arthropoda?
Which of the following is a defining characteristic of the phylum Arthropoda?
Which of the following nematodes is known to infect humans?
Which of the following nematodes is known to infect humans?
Which of the following orders includes bees and wasps?
Which of the following orders includes bees and wasps?
What type of reproduction do most insects undergo?
What type of reproduction do most insects undergo?
Which class of Crustacea is known for having a variety of appendages, including walking legs and antennae?
Which class of Crustacea is known for having a variety of appendages, including walking legs and antennae?
Which order within Class Insecta includes true bugs?
Which order within Class Insecta includes true bugs?
Which of the following characteristics is true for all insects classified under the order Diptera?
Which of the following characteristics is true for all insects classified under the order Diptera?
Which order includes the Jerusalem cricket and grasshoppers?
Which order includes the Jerusalem cricket and grasshoppers?
What type of larval stage is generally found in Crustacea?
What type of larval stage is generally found in Crustacea?
Which of the following is a member of the order Lepidoptera?
Which of the following is a member of the order Lepidoptera?
Which species is classified under Siphonoptera?
Which species is classified under Siphonoptera?
What is a common characteristic of insects from the order Odonata?
What is a common characteristic of insects from the order Odonata?
Flashcards
Invertebrates
Invertebrates
Animals without a backbone, encompassing most animal phyla except part of phylum Chordata.
Phylum Porifera
Phylum Porifera
Sponges; aquatic animals; lack true tissues; suspension feeders.
Phylum Cnidaria
Phylum Cnidaria
Animals with two body forms (polyp and medusa); predatory; use cnidocytes on tentacles.
Lophotrochozoa
Lophotrochozoa
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Phylum Platyhelminthes
Phylum Platyhelminthes
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Acoelomate
Acoelomate
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Suspension feeder
Suspension feeder
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Nerve net
Nerve net
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What is a radula?
What is a radula?
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What is torsion?
What is torsion?
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How do bivalves feed?
How do bivalves feed?
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What are byssal threads?
What are byssal threads?
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What is the mantle in cephalopods?
What is the mantle in cephalopods?
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Dugesia (Planarian)
Dugesia (Planarian)
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Flukes (Trematoda)
Flukes (Trematoda)
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Tapeworms (Cestoidea)
Tapeworms (Cestoidea)
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Rotifers
Rotifers
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Lophophorates
Lophophorates
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Bryozoans (Ectoprocts)
Bryozoans (Ectoprocts)
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Brachiopods
Brachiopods
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Mollusks
Mollusks
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Errantia
Errantia
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Sedentaria
Sedentaria
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Parapodia
Parapodia
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What are chaetae?
What are chaetae?
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What are the characteristics of leeches?
What are the characteristics of leeches?
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Complete Metamorphosis
Complete Metamorphosis
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Insect Orders
Insect Orders
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Coleoptera
Coleoptera
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Hemiptera
Hemiptera
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Hymenoptera
Hymenoptera
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Lepidoptera
Lepidoptera
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Odonata
Odonata
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Orthoptera
Orthoptera
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Phthiraptera
Phthiraptera
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Siphonoptera
Siphonoptera
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What is a water vascular system?
What is a water vascular system?
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What is a tube foot?
What is a tube foot?
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What is the difference between Asteroidea and Ophiuroidea?
What is the difference between Asteroidea and Ophiuroidea?
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What is Echinoidea?
What is Echinoidea?
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What is Holothuroidea?
What is Holothuroidea?
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What are Chitons?
What are Chitons?
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What are Cephalopods?
What are Cephalopods?
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What are Annelids?
What are Annelids?
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Sessile Animals
Sessile Animals
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Hermaphrodite
Hermaphrodite
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Cnidocyte
Cnidocyte
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Trochophore Larva
Trochophore Larva
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Dorsoventrally Flattened
Dorsoventrally Flattened
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Chaetae
Chaetae
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What are Leeches?
What are Leeches?
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What are Cirripedia?
What are Cirripedia?
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What are Echinoderms?
What are Echinoderms?
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What is the water vascular system?
What is the water vascular system?
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Asteroidea
Asteroidea
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Ophiuroidea
Ophiuroidea
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Nematoda
Nematoda
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Arthropoda
Arthropoda
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Cheliceriformes
Cheliceriformes
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Myriopoda
Myriopoda
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Hexapoda
Hexapoda
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Incomplete vs. Complete metamorphosis
Incomplete vs. Complete metamorphosis
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What are the main characteristics of Arthropoda?
What are the main characteristics of Arthropoda?
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How do arthropods breathe?
How do arthropods breathe?
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Order Coleoptera
Order Coleoptera
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Order Hemiptera
Order Hemiptera
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Order Hymenoptera
Order Hymenoptera
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Order Lepidoptera
Order Lepidoptera
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Order Odonata
Order Odonata
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Order Orthoptera
Order Orthoptera
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Class Malacostraca
Class Malacostraca
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Order Decapoda
Order Decapoda
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Class Copepoda
Class Copepoda
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Study Notes
Invertebrates
- Invertebrates are animals without a backbone.
- They comprise all animal phyla except part of Chordata.
- Most invertebrate species are marine or aquatic.
- The defining characteristic of an invertebrate is the lack of a backbone.
Invertebrate Phyla
-
Porifera (Sponges):
- ~9,000 species
- Sessile animals; lack true tissues (no nerves or muscles)
- Primarily marine
- Suspension feeders
- Hermaphroditic
- Asexual reproduction by fragmentation
-
Cnidaria (Jellyfish, Corals, Anemones):
- ~10,000 species
- Simple body plan with two forms (polyps and medusae)
- Single central cavity and single opening
- Predatory; capture prey with tentacles and cnidocytes.
-
Lophotrochozoa:
- Molecular-defined clade
- Lophophore (crown of ciliated tentacles) functions in feeding
- Trochophore larvae
- Some members share neither trait
- Platyhelminthes (flatworms):
- ~20,000 species
- Free-living and parasitic
- Dorsoventrally flattened
- More complex (have mesoderm) with true muscles
- Gastrovascular cavity with one opening
- 4 classes: Turbellaria, Monogenea, Trematoda, Cestoidea
- Mollusca (clams, snails, squids, etc):
- ~150,000+ species, mostly marine
- Most have a hard calcium carbonate shell
- Includes shellfish, snails, slugs, squids, and octopi
- Larval planktonic stage called trochophore in marine mollusks.
- Eight classes
- Annelida (segmented worms):
- ~15,000 species
- Marine, aquatic, moist soil organisms
- Segmented bodies, complex digestive system, closed circulatory system
- Waste removed and expelled by metanephridia (excretory organs)
- Hermaphroditic, but cross-fertilizing, sometimes asexual
- Three classes: Oligochaeta (earthworms), Polychaeta (clam worms), Hirudinea (leeches)
-
Ecdysozoa:
- Molecular-defined clade
- Many organisms in this clade molt their exoskeletons.
- Nematoda (roundworms):
- ~90,000+ species, maybe ~900,000
- Parasitic and Free-living
- Unsegmented, tapered at both ends, fluid pseudocoelom, longitudinal muscles
- Male & female, sexual, resistant zygotes
- Abundant in soil and detritus
- Three notable nematode examples: Caenorhabditis elegans, Trichinella spiralis, Ascaris lumbricoides
-
Arthropoda (insects, crustaceans, spiders):
- ~1,000,000+ species described, 2/3 of all organisms
- Dominant by sheer numbers
- Segmented bodies (head, thorax, abdomen)
- Hard exoskeleton that requires molting
- Jointed appendages
- Extensive cephalization and well-developed sense organs
- Open circulatory system with hemolymph.
- Gills or other specialized surfaces for gas exchange
-
Echinodermata (sea stars, sea urchins, etc):
- ~7,000 species, all marine.
- Early development similar to chordates
- Radially symmetrical as adults, bilaterally symmetrical planktoric larvae
- Water vascular systems; hydraulic canals and tube feet are used in gas exchange, locomotion, and feeding.
- Separate sexes; external fertilization
-
Other significant invertebrate phyla: Rotifera (rotifers), Bryozoa(Bryozoans), Brachiopoda (brachiopods)
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Description
Test your knowledge on the unique characteristics of various mollusk classes, including Gastropoda, Bivalvia, and Cephalopoda. Additionally, explore the fascinating features of echinoderms, such as their gas exchange mechanisms and reproductive strategies. This quiz will enhance your understanding of marine biology concepts related to these two important groups.