Molluscum Contagiosum Overview

Questions and Answers

What is the typical presentation of Molluscum Contagiosum lesions?

Shiny dome-shaped waxy papules with central umbilication (correct)

Round, itchy blisters filled with clear fluid

Raised, scaly lesions with crusting

Flat, red spots with no central indentation

Which factor is NOT associated with an increased risk of Molluscum Contagiosum?

Immunocompromise such as HIV

Age between 2-4 years

Direct contact and autoinoculation

Sexually transmitted contact (correct)

What is the most effective way to treat Pediculosis (lice infestation)?

Daily application of antibiotic ointment

Daily use of bleach solution

Topical corticosteroids

Mechanical removal with fine forceps (correct)

In immunocompromised individuals, what change might occur in Molluscum Contagiosum?

Disseminated disease with widespread lesions Signup and view all the answers

Which additional condition might be suspected if chronic follicular conjunctivitis does not respond to topical antibiotics?

Molluscum Contagiosum Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic symptom of allergic blepharoconjunctivitis?

Itchiness without secretion Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment is most appropriate for a mild case of internal hordeolum?

Hot compresses Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary treatment for chronic posterior blepharitis?

Hot compresses with fingertip massage Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes preseptal cellulitis from orbital cellulitis?

Presence of proptosis Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is NOT associated with chronic posterior blepharitis?

Acute inflammation of the eyelid Signup and view all the answers

What is the likely causative organism for impetigo?

Staphylococcus aureus Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is common in hordeolum?

Tender swelling in the lid margin Signup and view all the answers

What is a key sign of meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD)?

Pressure on the lid margin leading to turbid meibomian fluid expression Signup and view all the answers

How long is the recommended duration for the use of topical steroids in treating MGD?

1-2 weeks Signup and view all the answers

In treatment for recurrent internal hordeolum, which medication is advised?

Doxycycline 50 mg qd x 6 months Signup and view all the answers

What type of infection is preseptal cellulitis primarily associated with?

Internal hordeolum Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the tear film in patients with chronic posterior blepharitis?

Oily and foamy Signup and view all the answers

What are the components of Tobradex ointment used for inflammation?

Tobramycin and Dexamethasone Signup and view all the answers

What is a common treatment option for mild cases of hordeolum?

Hot compresses Signup and view all the answers

Which clinical sign indicates a severe case of orbital cellulitis?

Decreased vision and pain with eye movements Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following options is an oral treatment for moderate to severe MGD?

Oral doxycycline 100 mg for 4 weeks Signup and view all the answers

What consequence can occur from removing crusts in cases of blepharitis?

Ulceration or bleeding Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment is inappropriate for preseptal cellulitis?

IV antibiotics Signup and view all the answers

What is a sign of aureus infection?

Periorbital redness and edema Signup and view all the answers

Which complication is associated with an aureus infection?

Ophthalmic artery occlusion Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended IV antibiotic for treating aureus infections?

Penicillin G Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is characteristic of herpes simplex primary infection?

Prodromal facial tingling Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following treatments is preferred for severe cases of herpes simplex?

Valaciclovir 1 g PO tid Signup and view all the answers

What is a common feature of herpes simplex lesions?

Eyelid and periocular vesicles Signup and view all the answers

How long does it typically take for herpes simplex vesicles to resolve without treatment?

10-14 days Signup and view all the answers

What type of conjunctivitis is associated with herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO)?

Papillary conjunctivitis Signup and view all the answers

Which HSV type is primarily responsible for oral herpes infections?

HSV-1 Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential serious consequence of untreated aureus infection?

Death Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended oral antibiotic for treating pregnant women with infections related to blepharitis?

Oral erythromycin 250 mg Signup and view all the answers

What type of blepharitis is characterized by short duration and related to hordeolum and chalazion?

Ulcerative Blepharitis Signup and view all the answers

Which organism is primarily associated with Angular Blepharitis?

Moraxella lacunata Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is NOT typically associated with Angular Blepharitis?

Discharge from the eye Signup and view all the answers

What is a common complication if Ulcerative Blepharitis is left untreated?

Preseptal cellulitis Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment method is NOT mentioned for Ulcerative Blepharitis?

Antihistamines Signup and view all the answers

What clinical sign is characteristic of Ulcerative Blepharitis?

Eyelid margin edema with crusting Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment is recommended for Angular Blepharitis?

Erythromycin or Bacitracin ophthalmic ointment Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a symptom of Ulcerative Blepharitis?

Canthal irritation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following treatments can help suppress inflammation in cases involving pregnant women?

Azithromycin 500 mg Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Blepharitis Overview

Blepharitis classified as chronic (posterior) and acute (ulcerative).
Chronic posterior blepharitis often linked to meibomianitis and Meibomian Gland Dysfunction (MGD).

Chronic Posterior Blepharitis

Excessive meibomian gland secretion leads to recurrent capping of gland orifices.
Symptoms include hyperemia, telangiectasis, and turbid meibomian fluid upon exertion.
Tear film appears oily and foamy due to lipid breakdown.
Treatments involve:
- Hot compresses with fingertip massage, 5-10 minutes, four times daily.
- Lid scrubs increasing from BID/TID to QD.
- Oral doxycycline (100 mg BID for 4 weeks, then 50-100 mg QD) for moderate to severe cases.
- Topical cyclosporine (0.05%) for inflammation.

Ulcerative Blepharitis

Known as Acute Marginal Blepharitis, characterized by acute inflammation.
High association with hordeolum and chalazion.
Signs include edematous eyelid margin and painful discharge.
Untreated cases may lead to complications like preseptal cellulitis.

Angular Blepharitis

Caused by bacteria such as Moraxella lacunata or Staphylococcus aureus.
Symptoms include irritation, tearing, and crusting.
Treatment includes erythromycin or bacitracin ointment.

Hordeolum Types

External Hordeolum: commonly known as stye, caused by Staphylococcus infection; characterized by painful swelling at lash margin.
Internal Hordeolum: infection of a meibomian gland leading to redness and tenderness.
Treatments involve warm compresses and antibiotics; oral antibiotics for moderate to severe cases.

Preseptal Cellulitis

Infection of subcutaneous tissue anterior to the orbital septum, commonly from Staphylococcus or Streptococcus species.
Signs include unilateral eyelid redness, edema, and tenderness.
Treatment includes oral antibiotics (like Amoxiclav) and warm compresses; IV antibiotics for unresponsive cases.

Impetigo

Superficial skin infection predominantly affecting children.
Signs include golden-yellow crusts and localized lymphadenopathy.
Treatment focuses on wound care and topical antibiotics.

Erysipelas

Skin infection caused by Staphylococcus aureus.
Characterized by redness, edema, and the formation of bullae.
Severe cases may necessitate IV Penicillin G and surgical debridement.

Acute Viral Inflammations

Herpes Simplex Virus leads to vesicles on the face and eyelids, often with pain and itching.
Treatments include antiviral medications (e.g., Acyclovir).
Molluscum Contagiosum: a poxvirus causing dome-shaped papules; may require cryotherapy or excisional biopsy for treatment.

Common Infestations

Pediculosis: lice infestation causing intense itching; treated through mechanical removal and antibiotic ointments.

Key Takeaways

Monitor for recurrences in conditions like hordeolum.
Consider underlying conditions like rosacea or dry eye in persistent cases.
In severe or resistant cases, both topical and oral treatments may be necessary.

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Description

This quiz provides an overview of Molluscum Contagiosum, a DNA poxvirus infection primarily affecting children aged 2-4 years. It covers symptoms, modes of spread, and associations with immunocompromised individuals. Understand the clinical presentation and implications in both pediatric and adult populations.