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Questions and Answers
What is a molecule?
What is a molecule?
- A group of atoms that form a compound without any attractive forces
- A group of one or more atoms held together by attractive forces known as chemical bonds (correct)
- A single atom with no chemical bonds
- A gaseous particle connected by non-covalent interactions
Which of the following best describes a homonuclear molecule?
Which of the following best describes a homonuclear molecule?
- Consists of atoms of different chemical elements
- Is a gaseous particle connected by non-covalent interactions
- Consists of atoms of one chemical element (correct)
- Is a single atom with no chemical bonds
What distinguishes a heteronuclear molecule from a homonuclear molecule?
What distinguishes a heteronuclear molecule from a homonuclear molecule?
- It is a single atom with no chemical bonds
- It is composed of more than one element (correct)
- It consists of atoms of one chemical element
- It is a gaseous particle connected by non-covalent interactions
In the kinetic theory of gases, how is the term 'molecule' often used?
In the kinetic theory of gases, how is the term 'molecule' often used?
What type of interactions are typically not considered as single molecules?
What type of interactions are typically not considered as single molecules?
Who contributed to the modern investigation into the nature of molecules and their bonds?
Who contributed to the modern investigation into the nature of molecules and their bonds?
What is the origin of the word 'molecule'?
What is the origin of the word 'molecule'?
When did the word 'molecule' become popular?
When did the word 'molecule' become popular?
According to early definitions, how were molecules defined?
According to early definitions, how were molecules defined?
Who argued that all the universe is composed of atoms and voids?
Who argued that all the universe is composed of atoms and voids?
Who imagined fundamental elements (fire, earth, air, and water) and 'forces' of attraction and repulsion allowing the elements to interact?
Who imagined fundamental elements (fire, earth, air, and water) and 'forces' of attraction and repulsion allowing the elements to interact?
Who argued that matter is composed of clusters of particles and that chemical change results from the rearrangement of the clusters?
Who argued that matter is composed of clusters of particles and that chemical change results from the rearrangement of the clusters?
Who created the word 'molecule'?
Who created the word 'molecule'?
Which philosopher's viewpoint about atoms and aether was accepted by Aristotle and passed to medieval and renaissance Europe?
Which philosopher's viewpoint about atoms and aether was accepted by Aristotle and passed to medieval and renaissance Europe?
What is a molecule?
What is a molecule?
How is the term 'molecule' often used in the kinetic theory of gases?
How is the term 'molecule' often used in the kinetic theory of gases?
Who contributed to the modern investigation into the nature of molecules and their bonds?
Who contributed to the modern investigation into the nature of molecules and their bonds?
What distinguishes a heteronuclear molecule from a homonuclear molecule?
What distinguishes a heteronuclear molecule from a homonuclear molecule?
Which philosopher's viewpoint about atoms and aether was accepted by Aristotle and passed to medieval and renaissance Europe?
Which philosopher's viewpoint about atoms and aether was accepted by Aristotle and passed to medieval and renaissance Europe?
According to early definitions, how were molecules defined?
According to early definitions, how were molecules defined?
Who is credited with creating the word 'molecule'?
Who is credited with creating the word 'molecule'?
What did early definitions consider molecules to be?
What did early definitions consider molecules to be?
According to Greek philosophers like Leucippus and Democritus, what is the universe composed of?
According to Greek philosophers like Leucippus and Democritus, what is the universe composed of?
Which scientist imagined fundamental elements (fire, earth, air, and water) and 'forces' of attraction and repulsion allowing the elements to interact?
Which scientist imagined fundamental elements (fire, earth, air, and water) and 'forces' of attraction and repulsion allowing the elements to interact?
Who published views on what he called combinations of 'ultimate' particles, foreshadowing the concept of valency bonds?
Who published views on what he called combinations of 'ultimate' particles, foreshadowing the concept of valency bonds?
In which year did the word 'molecule' become popular after being used in works of philosophy by Descartes?
In which year did the word 'molecule' become popular after being used in works of philosophy by Descartes?
What did Robert Boyle argue matter's basic elements consisted of in his treatise The Sceptical Chymist?
What did Robert Boyle argue matter's basic elements consisted of in his treatise The Sceptical Chymist?
What did Amedeo Avogadro's 1811 paper focus on?
What did Amedeo Avogadro's 1811 paper focus on?
What did Empedocles consider to be the fundamental building block of the heavenly bodies?
What did Empedocles consider to be the fundamental building block of the heavenly bodies?
Who argued that all the universe is composed of atoms and voids?
Who argued that all the universe is composed of atoms and voids?
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Study Notes
Molecules and Atomic Theory
- A molecule is a group of two or more atoms that are chemically bonded together.
Homonuclear and Heteronuclear Molecules
- A homonuclear molecule is a molecule composed of atoms of the same element.
- A heteronuclear molecule is a molecule composed of atoms of different elements.
Kinetic Theory of Gases
- In the kinetic theory of gases, the term 'molecule' is often used to describe the smallest unit of a gas that retains the physical and chemical properties of that gas.
Interactions and Single Molecules
- Ionic interactions and hydrogen bonds are typically not considered as single molecules.
Contributions to Atomic Theory
- Amedeo Avogadro, during his work on gas volumes, contributed to the modern investigation into the nature of molecules and their bonds.
- Robert Boyle argued that matter's basic elements consisted of clusters of particles.
- Empedocles imagined fundamental elements (fire, earth, air, and water) and 'forces' of attraction and repulsion allowing the elements to interact.
Origin of the Word 'Molecule'
- The word 'molecule' was created by Laurent Auguste in 1801.
- The word 'molecule' became popular in the 19th century, specifically in 1811, after being used in works of philosophy by Descartes.
- Early definitions considered molecules to be small, indivisible particles that cannot be broken down further.
Ancient Philosophers
- Leucippus and Democritus argued that the universe is composed of atoms and voids.
- Epicurus accepted the viewpoint of Leucippus and Democritus, which was later passed to medieval and renaissance Europe through Aristotle.
- Empedocles considered the fundamental building block of the heavenly bodies to be the four elements: fire, earth, air, and water.
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