Questions and Answers
What is a molecule?
A group of one or more atoms held together by attractive forces known as chemical bonds
Which of the following best describes a homonuclear molecule?
Consists of atoms of one chemical element
What distinguishes a heteronuclear molecule from a homonuclear molecule?
It is composed of more than one element
In the kinetic theory of gases, how is the term 'molecule' often used?
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What type of interactions are typically not considered as single molecules?
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Who contributed to the modern investigation into the nature of molecules and their bonds?
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What is the origin of the word 'molecule'?
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When did the word 'molecule' become popular?
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According to early definitions, how were molecules defined?
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Who argued that all the universe is composed of atoms and voids?
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Who imagined fundamental elements (fire, earth, air, and water) and 'forces' of attraction and repulsion allowing the elements to interact?
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Who argued that matter is composed of clusters of particles and that chemical change results from the rearrangement of the clusters?
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Who created the word 'molecule'?
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Which philosopher's viewpoint about atoms and aether was accepted by Aristotle and passed to medieval and renaissance Europe?
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What is a molecule?
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How is the term 'molecule' often used in the kinetic theory of gases?
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Who contributed to the modern investigation into the nature of molecules and their bonds?
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What distinguishes a heteronuclear molecule from a homonuclear molecule?
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Which philosopher's viewpoint about atoms and aether was accepted by Aristotle and passed to medieval and renaissance Europe?
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According to early definitions, how were molecules defined?
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Who is credited with creating the word 'molecule'?
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What did early definitions consider molecules to be?
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According to Greek philosophers like Leucippus and Democritus, what is the universe composed of?
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Which scientist imagined fundamental elements (fire, earth, air, and water) and 'forces' of attraction and repulsion allowing the elements to interact?
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Who published views on what he called combinations of 'ultimate' particles, foreshadowing the concept of valency bonds?
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In which year did the word 'molecule' become popular after being used in works of philosophy by Descartes?
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What did Robert Boyle argue matter's basic elements consisted of in his treatise The Sceptical Chymist?
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What did Amedeo Avogadro's 1811 paper focus on?
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What did Empedocles consider to be the fundamental building block of the heavenly bodies?
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Who argued that all the universe is composed of atoms and voids?
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Study Notes
Molecules and Atomic Theory
- A molecule is a group of two or more atoms that are chemically bonded together.
Homonuclear and Heteronuclear Molecules
- A homonuclear molecule is a molecule composed of atoms of the same element.
- A heteronuclear molecule is a molecule composed of atoms of different elements.
Kinetic Theory of Gases
- In the kinetic theory of gases, the term 'molecule' is often used to describe the smallest unit of a gas that retains the physical and chemical properties of that gas.
Interactions and Single Molecules
- Ionic interactions and hydrogen bonds are typically not considered as single molecules.
Contributions to Atomic Theory
- Amedeo Avogadro, during his work on gas volumes, contributed to the modern investigation into the nature of molecules and their bonds.
- Robert Boyle argued that matter's basic elements consisted of clusters of particles.
- Empedocles imagined fundamental elements (fire, earth, air, and water) and 'forces' of attraction and repulsion allowing the elements to interact.
Origin of the Word 'Molecule'
- The word 'molecule' was created by Laurent Auguste in 1801.
- The word 'molecule' became popular in the 19th century, specifically in 1811, after being used in works of philosophy by Descartes.
- Early definitions considered molecules to be small, indivisible particles that cannot be broken down further.
Ancient Philosophers
- Leucippus and Democritus argued that the universe is composed of atoms and voids.
- Epicurus accepted the viewpoint of Leucippus and Democritus, which was later passed to medieval and renaissance Europe through Aristotle.
- Empedocles considered the fundamental building block of the heavenly bodies to be the four elements: fire, earth, air, and water.
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