Molecule Polarity Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

Is HF (hydrogen fluoride) polar or nonpolar?

  • Nonpolar
  • Polar (correct)

Is H2O (water) polar or nonpolar?

  • Polar (correct)
  • Nonpolar

Is NH3 (ammonia) polar or nonpolar?

  • Nonpolar
  • Polar (correct)

Is HCl (hydrogen chloride) polar or nonpolar?

<p>Polar (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is PCl3 (phosphorous trichloride) polar or nonpolar?

<p>Polar (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is C (pure unbonded carbon) polar or nonpolar?

<p>Nonpolar (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is H2S (hydrogen sulfide) polar or nonpolar?

<p>Polar (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is CCl4 (carbon tetrachloride) polar or nonpolar?

<p>Nonpolar (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is NaCl (sodium chloride) polar or nonpolar?

<p>Ionic (metal &amp; nonmetal) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is I2 (molecular iodine) polar or nonpolar?

<p>Nonpolar (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is CH3OH (methanol) polar or nonpolar?

<p>Polar (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Are all molecules with formula types like N2, H2, O2, CO2, Cl2 polar or nonpolar?

<p>Nonpolar (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is CH3Cl (chloromethane) polar or nonpolar?

<p>Polar (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is C6H12O6 (glucose) polar or nonpolar?

<p>Nonpolar (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is CH3CH2OH (ethanol) polar or nonpolar?

<p>Polar (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is CH3COOH (acetic acid) polar or nonpolar?

<p>Polar (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Are noble gases polar or nonpolar?

<p>Nonpolar (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is C6H6 (benzene) polar or nonpolar?

<p>Nonpolar (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is CH4 (methane) polar or nonpolar?

<p>Nonpolar (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is BF3 (boron trifluoride) polar or nonpolar?

<p>Nonpolar (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is SF6 (sulfur hexafluoride) polar or nonpolar?

<p>Nonpolar (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is C6H14 (hexane) polar or nonpolar?

<p>Nonpolar (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is C2H2 (acetylene) polar or nonpolar?

<p>Nonpolar (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Polar Molecules

Molecules with an uneven distribution of charge due to differing electronegativities.

Hydrogen Fluoride (HF)

A polar molecule with a strong dipole due to fluorine's high electronegativity.

Water (H2O)

A highly polar molecule essential for its solvent properties and capability to form hydrogen bonds.

Ammonia (NH3)

A polar molecule with nitrogen and a lone pair, creating a distinct dipole.

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Hydrogen Chloride (HCl)

A polar molecule due to a significant electronegativity difference between hydrogen and chlorine.

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Phosphorous Trichloride (PCl3)

A polar molecule with an asymmetrical shape and the electronegativity of chlorine.

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Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S)

A polar molecule due to the electronegativity difference between hydrogen and sulfur, resulting in bent geometry.

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Methanol (CH3OH)

A polar molecule characterized by a hydroxyl group, creating a strong dipole.

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Chloromethane (CH3Cl)

A polar molecule affected by the electronegativity of chlorine, leading to asymmetry.

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Ethanol (CH3CH2OH)

A polar molecule with a hydroxyl group that enables hydrogen bonding.

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Acetic Acid (CH3COOH)

A polar molecule with a functional carboxyl group that contributes to its polarity.

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Nonpolar Molecules

Molecules with an even distribution of charge due to symmetrical arrangements.

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Carbon (C)

Pure unbonded carbon is nonpolar with no differences in electronegativity.

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Carbon Tetrachloride (CCl4)

A nonpolar molecule due to its symmetrical tetrahedral shape, cancelling dipoles.

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Molecular Iodine (I2)

A nonpolar molecule with two identical atoms sharing electrons equally.

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Noble Gases

Inherently nonpolar due to a complete valence shell and lack of bonds.

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Benzene (C6H6)

A nonpolar molecule with a symmetrical ring structure, despite having C-H bonds.

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Methane (CH4)

A nonpolar molecule due to its symmetrical tetrahedral geometry.

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Boron Trifluoride (BF3)

A nonpolar molecule with a trigonal planar symmetry, leading to balanced charge distribution.

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Sulfur Hexafluoride (SF6)

A nonpolar molecule with an octahedral structure that cancels dipole moments.

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Hexane (C6H14)

A nonpolar molecule, a straight-chain hydrocarbon with a symmetrical structure.

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Acetylene (C2H2)

A nonpolar molecule with a linear structure and symmetrical electron distribution.

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Study Notes

Polar Molecules

  • HF (hydrogen fluoride) exhibits polarity due to the high electronegativity of fluorine, creating a dipole moment.
  • H2O (water) is a highly polar molecule, essential for its solvent properties and ability to form hydrogen bonds.
  • NH3 (ammonia) is polar, characterized by a nitrogen atom with a lone pair, leading to a distinct dipole.
  • HCl (hydrogen chloride) is polar because it possesses a significant electronegativity difference between hydrogen and chlorine.
  • PCl3 (phosphorous trichloride) is polar due to an asymmetrical shape and the electronegativity of chlorine.
  • H2S (hydrogen sulfide) is polar because of the electronegativity difference between hydrogen and sulfur, resulting in a bent geometry.
  • CH3OH (methanol) is polar owing to the hydroxyl group (-OH) that creates a strong dipole.
  • CH3Cl (chloromethane) is polar due to the electronegativity of chlorine affecting molecular symmetry.
  • CH3CH2OH (ethanol) is a polar molecule, which also contains a hydroxyl group, enabling hydrogen bonding.
  • CH3COOH (acetic acid) is polar with a functional carboxyl group contributing to its polarity.

Nonpolar Molecules

  • Pure unbonded carbon (C) is nonpolar as there are no differences in electronegativity.
  • CCl4 (carbon tetrachloride) is nonpolar due to its symmetrical tetrahedral shape, resulting in cancellation of dipoles.
  • I2 (molecular iodine) is nonpolar, as it is composed of two identical atoms sharing electrons equally.
  • Molecules like N2, H2, O2, CO2, and Cl2 are nonpolar; they consist of the same element or have symmetrical arrangements.
  • C6H12O6 (glucose) is mistakenly noted as nonpolar; it is in fact polar due to multiple hydroxyl groups.
  • Any noble gas is inherently nonpolar because of a complete valence shell and lack of bonds.
  • C6H6 (benzene) is nonpolar owing to its symmetrical ring structure despite having C-H bonds.
  • CH4 (methane) is nonpolar due to its symmetrical tetrahedral geometry.
  • BF3 (boron trifluoride) is nonpolar because of its trigonal planar symmetry, leading to balanced charge distribution.
  • SF6 (sulfur hexafluoride) is nonpolar, with an octahedral structure that cancels dipole moments.
  • C6H14 (hexane) is nonpolar, a straight-chain hydrocarbon with a symmetrical structure.
  • C2H2 (acetylene) is nonpolar; it has a linear structure and symmetrical electron distribution.

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Test your knowledge on molecular polarity with these flashcards. From hydrogen fluoride to ammonia, determine which molecules are polar or nonpolar. Perfect for chemistry students looking to reinforce their understanding of molecular behavior.

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