Molecular Therapies and Biologics Overview

The two major categories of drug targets are receptors and enzymes.

Besides receptors and enzymes, DNA, mRNA, and proteins can also be exploited as drug targets.

Three types of small molecule drugs are receptor agonists, receptor antagonists, and enzyme inhibitors.

<p>Biologics include antibodies, proteins, peptides, DNA/RNA-based molecules, and synthetic vaccines.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Humanized insulin became available in 1982.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The number of approved biologics has significantly increased over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Biologic drugs, specifically antibodies, vaccines, or protein-based drugs, dominated the top 20 selling products in 2021.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Novelty in drug development refers to creating new and unique drugs or therapeutic approaches that address unmet medical needs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Humira is an antibody that blocks tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFa). It is used to treat arthritis, Crohn's disease, and psoriasis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>BioNtech</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Opdivo (Nivolumab) and Keytruda (Pembrolizumab) are both antibodies targeting PD1, which is a checkpoint protein on T cells that inhibits their activation. Both are used to treat various cancers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Biktarvy targets HIV-1 integrase, an enzyme essential for the integration of viral DNA into the host cell genome. It is used to treat HIV-1 infection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Eylea inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a protein that stimulates blood vessel growth. This is unique because it targets angiogenesis, a process involved in both normal and pathological tissue formation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Innovative treatments using biological molecules for disease.

Primary focus areas for drugs, including receptors and enzymes.

Traditional drugs like receptor agonists and antagonists.

Therapeutics made from biological sources like proteins and antibodies.

Humanised insulin, available since 1982, marked the start of biologics.

Significant increase in approvals of biological drugs over time.

12 of the top 20 selling drugs were biologics, showcasing their dominance.

Includes traditional drugs, biologics, and newer cell therapies.

A COVID-19 vaccine developed by Pfizer and BioNtech with $36.8 billion in sales.

An antibody drug (TNFa mAB) for arthritis and Crohn’s, generating $20.7 billion.

An antibody (PD1 mAB) used for cancer treatment, with $17.2 billion in sales.

An anticoagulant drug for deep vein thrombosis that made $16.7 billion.

A drug (CDK 4/6 inhibitor) for breast cancer, generating $5.4 billion in sales.