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Questions and Answers
What is the bond order for H2?
1
What is the bond order for He2?
0
Which of the following statements about sigma (σ) bonding is true?
What type of molecular orbitals are formed from p orbitals?
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Electrons in molecular orbitals have ______ energy.
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Molecular orbitals are analogous to atomic orbitals.
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What happens when atomic orbitals of different symmetry combine?
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Study Notes
Announcements
- Exam 1 is on Monday, September 30th.
- Bring a calculator to the exam.
- Homework 4 is due on Monday, October 7th at 10 PM.
- Homework 4 will be completed on Odyssey.
- All electronic devices should be turned off and put away during class.
Molecular Orbital Theory
- Molecular Orbitals (MOs) are analogous to Atomic Orbitals (AOs) and hold electrons in molecules.
- Molecular orbitals are formed by adding and subtracting atomic orbitals of the same symmetry and energy.
- Electrons in MOs have quantized energy.
Molecular Orbital Diagram for H2
- The bond order for H2 is 1.
Molecular Orbital Diagram for He2
- The bond order for He2 is 0.
Combining s Orbitals into Molecular Orbitals
- Sigma bonding occurs when atomic orbitals are in phase, resulting in constructive interference.
- Sigma antibonding occurs when atomic orbitals are out of phase, resulting in destructive interference.
- In-phase combinations lead to stabilizing bonds.
- Out-of-phase combinations lead to destabilizing bonds.
Combining p Orbitals into Molecular Orbitals
- Pi bonding occurs when two p orbitals are perpendicular to the internuclear axis.
- Pi antibonding occurs when two p orbitals are perpendicular to the internuclear axis with a node.
- The p orbitals are either in-phase or out-of-phase, resulting in constructive or destructive interference.
Representations of p Orbitals
- All p orbitals have a nodal plane where a phase change occurs.
Molecular Orbital Energies for Diatomic Molecules (Li2 - N2)
- The MO energies for Li2 through N2 are different from those for O2 through Ne2.
- The order of MOs changes between these two sets of diatomic molecules.
- The energy levels can be represented using a diagram.
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Description
Test your understanding of Molecular Orbital Theory, including the formation and energy of molecular orbitals, as well as bond orders in hydrogen and helium. This quiz covers essential concepts in chemistry relevant to orbital diagrams and bonding scenarios.
