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Questions and Answers
What is the bond order for H2?
What is the bond order for H2?
1
What is the bond order for He2?
What is the bond order for He2?
0
Which of the following statements about sigma (σ) bonding is true?
Which of the following statements about sigma (σ) bonding is true?
- Sigma bonding occurs perpendicular to the internuclear axis.
- Sigma bonding is destabilizing.
- Sigma bonding involves in-phase combinations. (correct)
- Sigma bonding has no nodal planes.
What type of molecular orbitals are formed from p orbitals?
What type of molecular orbitals are formed from p orbitals?
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Electrons in molecular orbitals have ______ energy.
Electrons in molecular orbitals have ______ energy.
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Molecular orbitals are analogous to atomic orbitals.
Molecular orbitals are analogous to atomic orbitals.
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What happens when atomic orbitals of different symmetry combine?
What happens when atomic orbitals of different symmetry combine?
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Study Notes
Announcements
- Exam 1 is on Monday, September 30th.
- Bring a calculator to the exam.
- Homework 4 is due on Monday, October 7th at 10 PM.
- Homework 4 will be completed on Odyssey.
- All electronic devices should be turned off and put away during class.
Molecular Orbital Theory
- Molecular Orbitals (MOs) are analogous to Atomic Orbitals (AOs) and hold electrons in molecules.
- Molecular orbitals are formed by adding and subtracting atomic orbitals of the same symmetry and energy.
- Electrons in MOs have quantized energy.
Molecular Orbital Diagram for H2
- The bond order for H2 is 1.
Molecular Orbital Diagram for He2
- The bond order for He2 is 0.
Combining s Orbitals into Molecular Orbitals
- Sigma bonding occurs when atomic orbitals are in phase, resulting in constructive interference.
- Sigma antibonding occurs when atomic orbitals are out of phase, resulting in destructive interference.
- In-phase combinations lead to stabilizing bonds.
- Out-of-phase combinations lead to destabilizing bonds.
Combining p Orbitals into Molecular Orbitals
- Pi bonding occurs when two p orbitals are perpendicular to the internuclear axis.
- Pi antibonding occurs when two p orbitals are perpendicular to the internuclear axis with a node.
- The p orbitals are either in-phase or out-of-phase, resulting in constructive or destructive interference.
Representations of p Orbitals
- All p orbitals have a nodal plane where a phase change occurs.
Molecular Orbital Energies for Diatomic Molecules (Li2 - N2)
- The MO energies for Li2 through N2 are different from those for O2 through Ne2.
- The order of MOs changes between these two sets of diatomic molecules.
- The energy levels can be represented using a diagram.
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