key and sum 8

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What type of orbital destabilizes a molecule?

Bonding orbital

Degenerate orbital

Antibonding orbital (correct)

Hybrid orbital

In which type of molecule do orbitals have the same energy level?

Homonuclear diatomic molecule (correct)

Diamagnetic molecule

Hybridized molecule

Paramagnetic molecule

What phenomenon occurs when a material is repelled by a magnetic field?

Paramagnetism

Pi bonding

S-P mixing

Diamagnetism (correct)

What model describes the changes in atomic orbitals when forming a covalent compound?

Hybridization Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond has electron density found on opposite sides of the internuclear axis?

Pi bond (π bond) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bond is formed by the side-by-side overlap of atomic orbitals?

π bond Signup and view all the answers

How many orbitals are involved in sp2 hybridization?

Three Signup and view all the answers

What is the name given to the antibonding molecular orbital formed by out-of-phase overlap of atomic orbitals along the axis of the bond?

σ* bonding orbital Signup and view all the answers

How many hybrid orbitals are present in sp3d2 hybridization?

Six Signup and view all the answers

What is the main feature of a π bonding orbital molecular orbital?

Electron density found on opposite sides of the internuclear axis Signup and view all the answers

In valence bond theory, what type of bond is formed when atomic orbitals overlap along an axis containing the nuclei?

σ bond Signup and view all the answers

How many hybrid orbitals are present in sp3d hybridization?

Five Signup and view all the answers

What type of bonding molecular orbital results from in-phase combinations of atomic wave functions?

σ orbital Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bond involves the side-by-side overlap of unhybridized orbitals?

π bond Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of electrons occupying antibonding molecular orbitals?

Decrease stability of the molecule Signup and view all the answers

Describe the difference between a σ bond and a π bond in terms of electron density.

A σ bond has electron density along the axis of the bond, while a π bond has electron density on opposite sides of the internuclear axis. Signup and view all the answers

Explain how hybrid orbitals are used to describe the electron density around covalently bonded atoms.

Hybrid orbitals are mathematical combinations of valence atomic orbitals that either form σ bonds directed towards other atoms, or contain lone pairs of electrons. Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between bonding and antibonding molecular orbitals?

Bonding molecular orbitals stabilize a molecule through in-phase combinations of atomic wave functions, while antibonding molecular orbitals destabilize a molecule through out-of-phase combinations. Signup and view all the answers

How are π orbitals different from σ MOs in terms of orientation and electron density?

π orbitals are formed from p orbitals oriented in a side-by-side fashion, with electron density on opposite sides of the internuclear axis, while σ MOs can be formed from s or end-to-end p orbitals. Signup and view all the answers

Explain how resonance affects the placement of π bonds in a molecule.

Resonance occurs when multiple unhybridized orbitals can overlap in different ways, leading to varying placements of π bonds in the molecule. Signup and view all the answers