Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the bond angle for a molecule with a linear shape?
What is the bond angle for a molecule with a linear shape?
- 109.5°
- 90°
- 180° (correct)
- 120°
Which molecule has a trigonal planar shape?
Which molecule has a trigonal planar shape?
- NH3
- CH4
- BF3 (correct)
- H2O
What is the bond angle in a molecule with a tetrahedral shape?
What is the bond angle in a molecule with a tetrahedral shape?
- 109.5° (correct)
- 90°
- 180°
- 120°
Which molecule has a trigonal pyramidal shape?
Which molecule has a trigonal pyramidal shape?
How many bond angles does a molecule with an octahedral shape have?
How many bond angles does a molecule with an octahedral shape have?
Which type of bond is formed when two atoms share electrons equally?
Which type of bond is formed when two atoms share electrons equally?
What does the VSEPR theory help predict in chemistry?
What does the VSEPR theory help predict in chemistry?
In the context of chemistry, what is the main purpose of completing a 3D drawing of a molecule?
In the context of chemistry, what is the main purpose of completing a 3D drawing of a molecule?
Which aspect of a molecule is determined by its bond angles?
Which aspect of a molecule is determined by its bond angles?
What property of a molecule is defined by whether it is polar or non-polar?
What property of a molecule is defined by whether it is polar or non-polar?
Which theory can be used to predict the 3D shapes of molecules resulting from hybridization?
Which theory can be used to predict the 3D shapes of molecules resulting from hybridization?
How does understanding the polarity of a solid influence its properties?
How does understanding the polarity of a solid influence its properties?
What is responsible for the formation of London dispersion forces?
What is responsible for the formation of London dispersion forces?
Which intermolecular force has the greatest strength?
Which intermolecular force has the greatest strength?
What property of a substance increases as the atoms in its molecule get larger?
What property of a substance increases as the atoms in its molecule get larger?
Why do water droplets bead?
Why do water droplets bead?
What is the primary intermolecular force responsible for surface tension?
What is the primary intermolecular force responsible for surface tension?
Which type of composite material consists of two or more materials that remain separate and distinct from each other?
Which type of composite material consists of two or more materials that remain separate and distinct from each other?
Flashcards
Linear molecule bond angle
Linear molecule bond angle
180 degrees
Trigonal planar molecule example
Trigonal planar molecule example
BF3
Tetrahedral bond angle
Tetrahedral bond angle
109.5 degrees
Trigonal pyramidal molecule example
Trigonal pyramidal molecule example
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Octahedral bond angles
Octahedral bond angles
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Non-polar covalent bond
Non-polar covalent bond
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VSEPR theory predicts
VSEPR theory predicts
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3D molecule drawing purpose
3D molecule drawing purpose
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Bond angles determine
Bond angles determine
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Polarity defines
Polarity defines
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Theory predicting 3D molecular shapes from hybridization
Theory predicting 3D molecular shapes from hybridization
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Solid polarity's influence
Solid polarity's influence
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London dispersion forces cause
London dispersion forces cause
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Strongest intermolecular force
Strongest intermolecular force
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Increased atom size effect
Increased atom size effect
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Water droplet beading reason
Water droplet beading reason
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Surface tension primary force
Surface tension primary force
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Heterogeneous composite
Heterogeneous composite
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Study Notes
Electron Pair Repulsion
- Bonded and lone pair electrons move apart to lessen repulsive forces between them
- This leads to specific molecular shapes
Molecular Shapes
- Linear: 180° bond angle, ex. BeCl2
- Trigonal Planar: 120° bond angles, ex. BF3
- Tetrahedral: 109.5° bond angles, ex. CH4
- Trigonal Bipyramidal: bond angles of 90° and 120°, ex. PCl5
- Octahedral: bond angles of 90°, ex. SF6
- Trigonal Pyramidal: bond angles of 107°, ex. NH3
- Bent: bond angles 104.5°, ex. H2O
VSEPR Theory
- Predicts the arrangement of electrons around each atom individually
- Then, combines these arrangements to predict molecular shape
Multiple Central Atoms
- Predict the arrangement of electrons around each atom individually
- Then, combine these arrangements to predict molecular shape
Double and Triple Bonds
- Shorter and stronger than single bonds
- Behave similarly in regards to 3-dimensional shape of the molecule
Electronegativity and Bond Polarity
- Two types of covalent bonds: non-polar (equal sharing of electrons) and polar (unequal sharing of electrons)
- Electronegativity is the ability of an atom to attract electrons in a covalent bond
Intermolecular Forces
- London Dispersion Forces: weak, momentary forces between non-polar molecules
- Dipole-Dipole Forces: between polar molecules
- Hydrogen Bonding: strongest intermolecular force
- Intermolecular forces affect physical properties, such as melting/boiling point, viscosity, solubility, and surface tension
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