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Questions and Answers
What is the bond angle for a molecule with a linear shape?
What is the bond angle for a molecule with a linear shape?
Which molecule has a trigonal planar shape?
Which molecule has a trigonal planar shape?
What is the bond angle in a molecule with a tetrahedral shape?
What is the bond angle in a molecule with a tetrahedral shape?
Which molecule has a trigonal pyramidal shape?
Which molecule has a trigonal pyramidal shape?
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How many bond angles does a molecule with an octahedral shape have?
How many bond angles does a molecule with an octahedral shape have?
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Which type of bond is formed when two atoms share electrons equally?
Which type of bond is formed when two atoms share electrons equally?
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What does the VSEPR theory help predict in chemistry?
What does the VSEPR theory help predict in chemistry?
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In the context of chemistry, what is the main purpose of completing a 3D drawing of a molecule?
In the context of chemistry, what is the main purpose of completing a 3D drawing of a molecule?
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Which aspect of a molecule is determined by its bond angles?
Which aspect of a molecule is determined by its bond angles?
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What property of a molecule is defined by whether it is polar or non-polar?
What property of a molecule is defined by whether it is polar or non-polar?
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Which theory can be used to predict the 3D shapes of molecules resulting from hybridization?
Which theory can be used to predict the 3D shapes of molecules resulting from hybridization?
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How does understanding the polarity of a solid influence its properties?
How does understanding the polarity of a solid influence its properties?
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What is responsible for the formation of London dispersion forces?
What is responsible for the formation of London dispersion forces?
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Which intermolecular force has the greatest strength?
Which intermolecular force has the greatest strength?
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What property of a substance increases as the atoms in its molecule get larger?
What property of a substance increases as the atoms in its molecule get larger?
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Why do water droplets bead?
Why do water droplets bead?
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What is the primary intermolecular force responsible for surface tension?
What is the primary intermolecular force responsible for surface tension?
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Which type of composite material consists of two or more materials that remain separate and distinct from each other?
Which type of composite material consists of two or more materials that remain separate and distinct from each other?
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Study Notes
Electron Pair Repulsion
- Bonded and lone pair electrons move apart to lessen repulsive forces between them
- This leads to specific molecular shapes
Molecular Shapes
- Linear: 180° bond angle, ex. BeCl2
- Trigonal Planar: 120° bond angles, ex. BF3
- Tetrahedral: 109.5° bond angles, ex. CH4
- Trigonal Bipyramidal: bond angles of 90° and 120°, ex. PCl5
- Octahedral: bond angles of 90°, ex. SF6
- Trigonal Pyramidal: bond angles of 107°, ex. NH3
- Bent: bond angles 104.5°, ex. H2O
VSEPR Theory
- Predicts the arrangement of electrons around each atom individually
- Then, combines these arrangements to predict molecular shape
Multiple Central Atoms
- Predict the arrangement of electrons around each atom individually
- Then, combine these arrangements to predict molecular shape
Double and Triple Bonds
- Shorter and stronger than single bonds
- Behave similarly in regards to 3-dimensional shape of the molecule
Electronegativity and Bond Polarity
- Two types of covalent bonds: non-polar (equal sharing of electrons) and polar (unequal sharing of electrons)
- Electronegativity is the ability of an atom to attract electrons in a covalent bond
Intermolecular Forces
- London Dispersion Forces: weak, momentary forces between non-polar molecules
- Dipole-Dipole Forces: between polar molecules
- Hydrogen Bonding: strongest intermolecular force
- Intermolecular forces affect physical properties, such as melting/boiling point, viscosity, solubility, and surface tension
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Description
Learn about molecular geometry through VSEPR theory, which explains how bonded and lone pair electrons arrange themselves around a central atom to minimize repulsive forces. Explore different molecular shapes such as linear, trigonal planar, tetrahedral, trigonal bipyramidal, and octahedral. Understand concepts like bond angles and the use of wedge and dash notation.
