Questions and Answers
Draw the Lewis structure for CO.
The most stable structure for CO (carbon monoxide) allows for the octet of each atom to be complete without introducing a formal charge.
A molecule with the formula AB3 has a trigonal planar geometry. How many electron groups are on the central atom?
Determine the electron geometry for each molecule: CS2, SBr2, CHCl3, PF3
Linear: CS2, Tetrahedral: SBr2, CHCl3, PF3
Determine the molecular geometry of SCl4. Choose the correct sketch of SCl4.
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Make a sketch of the following molecule: C2H2. Determine the molecular geometry about each interior carbon atom of this molecule.
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Determine whether each of the following molecules or ions is polar or nonpolar: SCl2, PO4^3-, IF5
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The valence electron configurations of several atoms are shown. How many bonds can each atom make without hybridization?
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Which of the following hybridization schemes allows the formation of at least one π bond?
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Draw the Lewis structure for the CCl4. Select the correct hybridization for the central atom based on the electron geometry CCl4.
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Use the drawing of MO energy diagram to predict the bond order of Be2+. Use the drawing of MO energy diagram to predict the bond order of Be2−.
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According to MO theory, which of the following has the highest bond order?
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Use the drawing of MO energy diagram for CO to predict the bond order.
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Classify each of the following changes as physical or chemical.
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Classify each of the following properties as physical or chemical.
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Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction: sulfuric acid is a component of acid rain formed when gaseous sulfur dioxide pollutant reacts with gaseous oxygen and liquid water to form aqueous sulfuric acid.
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Study Notes
Lewis Structures and Molecular Geometry
- Carbon monoxide (CO) has a Lewis structure with a total of 10 electrons, enabling both atoms to complete their octets, resulting in formal charges.
- Molecule AB3 exhibits trigonal planar geometry with 3 electron groups around the central atom.
Molecular and Electron Geometry
- For CS2: Linear molecular and electron geometry with 180° bond angles.
- For SBr2: Bent molecular geometry, tetrahedral electron geometry, and idealized bond angles of approximately 109.5°.
- PF3 exhibits trigonal pyramidal molecular geometry and tetrahedral electron geometry with expected deviations from idealized angles.
Specific Molecular Geometries
- SCl4 exhibits seesaw molecular geometry.
- ClF3 has a T-shaped geometry.
- BrF2− displays linear molecular geometry.
- ClF4− is square planar in structure.
Hydrocarbon Geometries
- C2H2 is linear, C2H4 is trigonal planar, and C2H6 is tetrahedral around each carbon atom.
Polarity of Molecules
- SCl2 and IF5 are polar, while PO4^3− is nonpolar.
Valence Electrons and Bonding
- Silicon (Si) can form 2 bonds without hybridization, phosphorus (P) can form 3, and sulfur (S) can form 2.
- Hybridization sp^2 enables the formation of π bonds.
Lewis Structures and Hybridization
- CCl4 has sp^3 hybridization; NH3, OF2, and CO2 also correspond to sp^3 and sp hybridization, respectively.
- COCl2 has sp^2 hybridization, and BrF5 has sp^3d^2 hybridization.
Nitrogen-Based Compounds
- Lewis structure for N2H2 indicates sp^2 hybridization on both nitrogen atoms.
- In N2H4, both nitrogen atoms are sp^3 hybridized.
- CH3NH2 has carbon atom sp^3 and nitrogen atom sp^3 hybridization.
Amino Acids and Hybridization
- Alanine's interior atoms show varying hybridization configurations: sp^2 and sp^3.
Molecular Orbital (MO) Theory
- Be2+ and Be2− have a predicted bond order of 1/2.
- Species Be2+, Be2− are predicted to exist in the gas phase.
- C2 has the highest bond order among C2, C+2, and C−2.
Chemical Reactions and Equations
- Balanced equation for acid rain: 2SO2(g) + O2(g) + 2H2O(l) → 2H2SO4(aq).
- Sodium reacts with water: 2Na(s) + 2H2O(l) → 2NaOH(aq) + H2(g).
- Aqueous sodium sulfide reacts with copper(II) nitrate to form solid copper(II) sulfide.
- Reactions involving cobalt(III) oxide and various acids are provided with balanced equations.
Changes in Matter
- Physical changes involve state changes like liquid evaporation, while chemical changes include combustion and rusting.
- Properties such as shine and odor are classified as physical, while flammability is chemical.
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Description
Test your knowledge on Lewis structures and the various geometries of molecules. This quiz covers topics such as molecular and electron geometries, including specific examples like CO, CS2, and C2H6. Assess your understanding of the shapes and polarities of different molecular compounds.
