CHM130 Chemical Bonding HW Flashcards

Questions and Answers

Draw the Lewis structure of water (H₂O) and then determine its electron domain and molecular geometries.

Lewis structure of H₂O, with electron domain geometry being tetrahedral and molecular geometry being bent.

Draw the Lewis structure of carbon dioxide (CO₂).

Linear structure with double bonds between Carbon and each Oxygen.

Determine the number of valence electrons in HCN and then draw the corresponding Lewis structure.

Total of 10 valence electrons; H-C≡N structure.

Draw the Lewis structure of PF₃ and then determine the number of nonbonding electron pairs on the central atom.

Lewis structure shows phosphorus bonded to three fluorine atoms, with one nonbonding pair on phosphorus. Signup and view all the answers

Draw the Lewis structure of CBr₄ and then determine its electron domain and molecular geometries.

Lewis structure shows carbon bonded to four bromine atoms; electron domain geometry is tetrahedral, molecular geometry is tetrahedral. Signup and view all the answers

Draw the Lewis structure of HCN and then determine its electron domain and molecular geometries.

Lewis structure shows H-C≡N; electron domain geometry is linear, molecular geometry is linear. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following bonds is a polar covalent bond?

H - Cl Signup and view all the answers

Draw the Lewis structure of carbon tetrafluoride (CF₄) and then determine if the molecule is polar or nonpolar.

Nonpolar molecule with a symmetrical tetrahedral shape. Signup and view all the answers

Draw the Lewis structure of CH₃F and then determine if the molecule is polar or nonpolar.

Polar molecule due to the difference in electronegativities between C-H and C-F bonds. Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for an attraction between a hydrogen atom bonded to a highly electronegative atom (O, N, or F), and a nonbonding electron pair on another highly electronegative atom?

Hydrogen bond. Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a bond in which a pair of electrons is shared equally?

Nonpolar covalent bond. Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the statement that an atom tends to bond in such a way so as to acquire eight valence electrons?

Octet rule. Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a bond in which a pair of electrons is not shared equally?

Polar covalent bond. Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond is characterized by sharing one pair of electrons?

Single bond. Signup and view all the answers

Predict which of the following is connected by an ionic bond.

Answer varies based on options provided. Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a model that explains the shapes of molecules based upon electron pair repulsion about the central atom?

VSEPR theory. Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond is characterized by sharing three pairs of electrons?

Triple bond. Signup and view all the answers

What is the total number of valence electrons in one molecule of H₂O₂?

<ol start="14"> <li></li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

According to the general trends in the periodic table, which of the following is the most electronegative element?

O. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a general trend for the electronegativity of elements in the periodic table?

Increases from left to right; increases from bottom to top. Signup and view all the answers

Draw the structural formula for nitrogen, N₂, and state the type of bond in a nitrogen molecule.

1 triple bond. Signup and view all the answers

Draw the electron dot formula for water, H₂O. How many pairs of nonbonding electrons are in a water molecule?

<ol start="2"> <li></li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Carbon has an electronegativity value of 2.5. Given the electronegativity of Cl, Br, and I (3.0, 2.8, and 2.5, respectively), which of the following molecules has nonpolar bonds?

Cl₄. Signup and view all the answers

Given the values for I (2.5) and Cl (3.0), calculate the electronegativity difference in an iodine monochloride bond, ICl.

0.5. Signup and view all the answers

Given the electronegativity values of N (3.0) and O (3.5), illustrate the bond polarity in a nitrogen monoxide molecule, NO, using delta notation.

(δ+) N—O (−). Signup and view all the answers

Given the electronegativity values of H (2.1), N (3.0), and O (3.5), which of the following molecules have polar bonds?

Answer varies based on options provided. Signup and view all the answers

Draw the Lewis structure of PH₃ and then determine its electron domain and molecular geometries.

Lewis structure shows phosphorus bonded to three hydrogens; electron domain geometry is tetrahedral, molecular geometry is trigonal pyramidal. Signup and view all the answers

Draw the Lewis structure of silicon dioxide (SiO₂) and then determine its electron domain and molecular geometries.

Linear structure with double bonds; electron domain geometry is linear, molecular geometry is linear. Signup and view all the answers

What is the molecular shape of a carbonate ion, CO₃²⁻?

Trigonal planar. Signup and view all the answers

What is the total number of valence electrons in one molecule of B₂H₆?

<ol start="12"> <li></li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Lewis Structures and Molecular Geometry

Water (H₂O) has a bent molecular geometry with two electron domains.
Carbon dioxide (CO₂) exhibits a linear molecular geometry.
HCN contains 10 valence electrons in its Lewis structure.
PF₃ has one nonbonding electron pair on the phosphorus atom.
CBr₄ has tetrahedral electron domain and molecular geometry.
HCN features a linear shape.

Bonding Types and Properties

H-Cl is an example of a polar covalent bond due to differences in electronegativity.
Carbon tetrafluoride (CF₄) is a nonpolar molecule despite its polar bonds.
CH₃F is a polar molecule due to its asymmetrical shape.
Hydrogen bonds occur between hydrogen atoms bonded to highly electronegative atoms and lone pairs on other electronegative atoms.
Nonpolar covalent bonds share electrons equally, while polar covalent bonds do not.

Fundamental Concepts

The octet rule states atoms bond to achieve eight valence electrons.
A single bond shares one pair of electrons; a triple bond shares three pairs.
Ionic bonds occur between atoms with significant electronegativity differences.
VSEPR theory explains molecular shapes based on electron pair repulsion.

Electronegativity Trends

H₂O₂ has a total of 14 valence electrons.
Oxygen (O) is the most electronegative element.
Electronegativity trends increase from left to right and from bottom to top in the periodic table.
Iodine monochloride (ICl) has an electronegativity difference of 0.5.
The polarity of the nitrogen monoxide (NO) bond is represented as (δ+) N—O (δ-).

Molecular Shapes and Valence Electron Counts

Nitrogen (N₂) has a triple bond between nitrogen atoms.
Water (H₂O) has two pairs of nonbonding electrons.
Carbon tetrafluoride (CCl₄) has nonpolar bonds, exhibiting symmetry.
The carbonate ion (CO₃²⁻) has a trigonal planar molecular shape.
Diborane (B₂H₆) has a total of 12 valence electrons.

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Test your knowledge of chemical bonding concepts with these flashcards designed for CHM130. This quiz covers Lewis structures for various molecules and explores their electron domains and molecular geometries. Perfect for reinforcing your understanding of chemical structures.