Podcast
Questions and Answers
Draw the Lewis structure of water (H₂O) and then determine its electron domain and molecular geometries.
Draw the Lewis structure of water (H₂O) and then determine its electron domain and molecular geometries.
Lewis structure of H₂O, with electron domain geometry being tetrahedral and molecular geometry being bent.
Draw the Lewis structure of carbon dioxide (CO₂).
Draw the Lewis structure of carbon dioxide (CO₂).
Linear structure with double bonds between Carbon and each Oxygen.
Determine the number of valence electrons in HCN and then draw the corresponding Lewis structure.
Determine the number of valence electrons in HCN and then draw the corresponding Lewis structure.
Total of 10 valence electrons; H-C≡N structure.
Draw the Lewis structure of PF₃ and then determine the number of nonbonding electron pairs on the central atom.
Draw the Lewis structure of PF₃ and then determine the number of nonbonding electron pairs on the central atom.
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Draw the Lewis structure of CBr₄ and then determine its electron domain and molecular geometries.
Draw the Lewis structure of CBr₄ and then determine its electron domain and molecular geometries.
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Draw the Lewis structure of HCN and then determine its electron domain and molecular geometries.
Draw the Lewis structure of HCN and then determine its electron domain and molecular geometries.
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Which of the following bonds is a polar covalent bond?
Which of the following bonds is a polar covalent bond?
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Draw the Lewis structure of carbon tetrafluoride (CF₄) and then determine if the molecule is polar or nonpolar.
Draw the Lewis structure of carbon tetrafluoride (CF₄) and then determine if the molecule is polar or nonpolar.
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Draw the Lewis structure of CH₃F and then determine if the molecule is polar or nonpolar.
Draw the Lewis structure of CH₃F and then determine if the molecule is polar or nonpolar.
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What is the term for an attraction between a hydrogen atom bonded to a highly electronegative atom (O, N, or F), and a nonbonding electron pair on another highly electronegative atom?
What is the term for an attraction between a hydrogen atom bonded to a highly electronegative atom (O, N, or F), and a nonbonding electron pair on another highly electronegative atom?
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What is the term for a bond in which a pair of electrons is shared equally?
What is the term for a bond in which a pair of electrons is shared equally?
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What is the term for the statement that an atom tends to bond in such a way so as to acquire eight valence electrons?
What is the term for the statement that an atom tends to bond in such a way so as to acquire eight valence electrons?
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What is the term for a bond in which a pair of electrons is not shared equally?
What is the term for a bond in which a pair of electrons is not shared equally?
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What type of bond is characterized by sharing one pair of electrons?
What type of bond is characterized by sharing one pair of electrons?
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Predict which of the following is connected by an ionic bond.
Predict which of the following is connected by an ionic bond.
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What is the term for a model that explains the shapes of molecules based upon electron pair repulsion about the central atom?
What is the term for a model that explains the shapes of molecules based upon electron pair repulsion about the central atom?
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What type of bond is characterized by sharing three pairs of electrons?
What type of bond is characterized by sharing three pairs of electrons?
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What is the total number of valence electrons in one molecule of H₂O₂?
What is the total number of valence electrons in one molecule of H₂O₂?
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According to the general trends in the periodic table, which of the following is the most electronegative element?
According to the general trends in the periodic table, which of the following is the most electronegative element?
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Which of the following is a general trend for the electronegativity of elements in the periodic table?
Which of the following is a general trend for the electronegativity of elements in the periodic table?
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Draw the structural formula for nitrogen, N₂, and state the type of bond in a nitrogen molecule.
Draw the structural formula for nitrogen, N₂, and state the type of bond in a nitrogen molecule.
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Draw the electron dot formula for water, H₂O. How many pairs of nonbonding electrons are in a water molecule?
Draw the electron dot formula for water, H₂O. How many pairs of nonbonding electrons are in a water molecule?
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Carbon has an electronegativity value of 2.5. Given the electronegativity of Cl, Br, and I (3.0, 2.8, and 2.5, respectively), which of the following molecules has nonpolar bonds?
Carbon has an electronegativity value of 2.5. Given the electronegativity of Cl, Br, and I (3.0, 2.8, and 2.5, respectively), which of the following molecules has nonpolar bonds?
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Given the values for I (2.5) and Cl (3.0), calculate the electronegativity difference in an iodine monochloride bond, ICl.
Given the values for I (2.5) and Cl (3.0), calculate the electronegativity difference in an iodine monochloride bond, ICl.
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Given the electronegativity values of N (3.0) and O (3.5), illustrate the bond polarity in a nitrogen monoxide molecule, NO, using delta notation.
Given the electronegativity values of N (3.0) and O (3.5), illustrate the bond polarity in a nitrogen monoxide molecule, NO, using delta notation.
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Given the electronegativity values of H (2.1), N (3.0), and O (3.5), which of the following molecules have polar bonds?
Given the electronegativity values of H (2.1), N (3.0), and O (3.5), which of the following molecules have polar bonds?
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Draw the Lewis structure of PH₃ and then determine its electron domain and molecular geometries.
Draw the Lewis structure of PH₃ and then determine its electron domain and molecular geometries.
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Draw the Lewis structure of silicon dioxide (SiO₂) and then determine its electron domain and molecular geometries.
Draw the Lewis structure of silicon dioxide (SiO₂) and then determine its electron domain and molecular geometries.
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What is the molecular shape of a carbonate ion, CO₃²⁻?
What is the molecular shape of a carbonate ion, CO₃²⁻?
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What is the total number of valence electrons in one molecule of B₂H₆?
What is the total number of valence electrons in one molecule of B₂H₆?
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Study Notes
Lewis Structures and Molecular Geometry
- Water (H₂O) has a bent molecular geometry with two electron domains.
- Carbon dioxide (CO₂) exhibits a linear molecular geometry.
- HCN contains 10 valence electrons in its Lewis structure.
- PF₃ has one nonbonding electron pair on the phosphorus atom.
- CBr₄ has tetrahedral electron domain and molecular geometry.
- HCN features a linear shape.
Bonding Types and Properties
- H-Cl is an example of a polar covalent bond due to differences in electronegativity.
- Carbon tetrafluoride (CF₄) is a nonpolar molecule despite its polar bonds.
- CH₃F is a polar molecule due to its asymmetrical shape.
- Hydrogen bonds occur between hydrogen atoms bonded to highly electronegative atoms and lone pairs on other electronegative atoms.
- Nonpolar covalent bonds share electrons equally, while polar covalent bonds do not.
Fundamental Concepts
- The octet rule states atoms bond to achieve eight valence electrons.
- A single bond shares one pair of electrons; a triple bond shares three pairs.
- Ionic bonds occur between atoms with significant electronegativity differences.
- VSEPR theory explains molecular shapes based on electron pair repulsion.
Electronegativity Trends
- H₂O₂ has a total of 14 valence electrons.
- Oxygen (O) is the most electronegative element.
- Electronegativity trends increase from left to right and from bottom to top in the periodic table.
- Iodine monochloride (ICl) has an electronegativity difference of 0.5.
- The polarity of the nitrogen monoxide (NO) bond is represented as (δ+) N—O (δ-).
Molecular Shapes and Valence Electron Counts
- Nitrogen (N₂) has a triple bond between nitrogen atoms.
- Water (H₂O) has two pairs of nonbonding electrons.
- Carbon tetrafluoride (CCl₄) has nonpolar bonds, exhibiting symmetry.
- The carbonate ion (CO₃²⁻) has a trigonal planar molecular shape.
- Diborane (B₂H₆) has a total of 12 valence electrons.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge of chemical bonding concepts with these flashcards designed for CHM130. This quiz covers Lewis structures for various molecules and explores their electron domains and molecular geometries. Perfect for reinforcing your understanding of chemical structures.
