Molecular Genetics Processes Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the term used to describe the situation where an individual inherits two copies of a chromosome from the same parent?

  • Uniparental disomy (correct)
  • Mitochondrial disorder
  • Trisomy
  • Multifactorial and polygenic inheritance

    • Which of the following is a characteristic of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome?

  • Macroglossia, microcephaly, and umbilical hernia (correct)
  • Maternal inheritance due to mitochondrial disorders
  • Maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 7
  • Progressive ophthalmoplegia with onset at 18-20 years old

    • What is the main reason for the maternal inheritance pattern seen in mitochondrial disorders?

  • Mitochondrial disorders are caused by polygenic inheritance
  • Mitochondrial DNA is located on the sex chromosomes
  • Paternal mitochondria are destroyed after fertilization (correct)
  • Maternal mitochondria have higher mutation rates

    • Which of the following is a characteristic of multifactorial and polygenic inheritance?

    <p>Involves an imbalance between genetic and environmental factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the approximate incidence of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome?

    <p>1 in 13,700 live births</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of Kearns-Sayre syndrome?

    <p>Progressive ophthalmoplegia with onset at 18-20 years old</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of mutation results in premature termination with loss of function or expression?

    <p>Frameshift</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of protein production, what does a nonsense mutation lead to?

    <p>Premature stop codon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of a silent mutation on the protein product?

    <p>No change in amino acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of mutation results in an altered amino acid being produced?

    <p>Missense</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What alteration does a frameshift mutation cause in the protein product?

    <p>Stop codon production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mutation leads to the production of a stop codon?

    <p>Nonsense</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of replacement therapies discussed in the text?

    <p>To replace missing metabolic, enzyme, or organ functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of enzyme replacement therapy discussed in the text?

    <p>Treatment for cystic fibrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the connection between Dolly the Sheep and Dolly Parton mentioned in the additional information?

    <p>The scientists named Dolly the Sheep after Dolly Parton because the DNA used came from mammary gland cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the pedigree shown in the additional information?

    <p>To analyze the pattern of inheritance of genetic diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of chromosomal abnormalities are discussed in the text?

    <p>Both numerical and structural abnormalities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a type of replacement therapy in the text?

    <p>Dietary manipulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a treatment for triplet repeat expansion disorders?

    <p>Steroids to slow muscle strength decline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of triplet repeat expansion disorders?

    <p>Neurological problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a triplet repeat expansion disorder mentioned in the text?

    <p>Cystic fibrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of triplet repeat expansion disorders mentioned in the text?

    <p>They exhibit genetic anticipation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)?

    <p>Keeps glutathione reduced to prevent RBC oxidation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the prevalence of G6PD deficiency among Filipinos?

    <p>1 out of 52</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the central tenet of molecular genetics?

    <p>The information encoded in DNA is transcribed into mRNA for protein production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct order of the processes involved in protein production?

    <p>Replication, Transcription, Translocation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process must the mRNA undergo before it is transported to the cytoplasm?

    <p>Processing to become functional</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the amino acid wheel?

    <p>To illustrate the triplet codons for each amino acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the stop codons in the genetic code?

    <p>UAA, UGA, UAG</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can cause genetic variations in the process of producing proteins?

    <p>Both substitution and deletion of nucleotides</p> Signup and view all the answers

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