Molecular Genetics Processes Quiz

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What is the term used to describe the situation where an individual inherits two copies of a chromosome from the same parent?

Uniparental disomy (correct)

Mitochondrial disorder

Trisomy

Multifactorial and polygenic inheritance

Which of the following is a characteristic of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome?

Macroglossia, microcephaly, and umbilical hernia (correct)

Maternal inheritance due to mitochondrial disorders

Maternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 7

Progressive ophthalmoplegia with onset at 18-20 years old

What is the main reason for the maternal inheritance pattern seen in mitochondrial disorders?

Mitochondrial disorders are caused by polygenic inheritance

Mitochondrial DNA is located on the sex chromosomes

Paternal mitochondria are destroyed after fertilization (correct)

Maternal mitochondria have higher mutation rates

Which of the following is a characteristic of multifactorial and polygenic inheritance?

Involves an imbalance between genetic and environmental factors Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate incidence of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome?

1 in 13,700 live births Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of Kearns-Sayre syndrome?

Progressive ophthalmoplegia with onset at 18-20 years old Signup and view all the answers

What type of mutation results in premature termination with loss of function or expression?

Frameshift Signup and view all the answers

In the context of protein production, what does a nonsense mutation lead to?

Premature stop codon Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of a silent mutation on the protein product?

No change in amino acid Signup and view all the answers

Which type of mutation results in an altered amino acid being produced?

Missense Signup and view all the answers

What alteration does a frameshift mutation cause in the protein product?

Stop codon production Signup and view all the answers

Which mutation leads to the production of a stop codon?

Nonsense Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of replacement therapies discussed in the text?

To replace missing metabolic, enzyme, or organ functions Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of enzyme replacement therapy discussed in the text?

Treatment for cystic fibrosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the connection between Dolly the Sheep and Dolly Parton mentioned in the additional information?

The scientists named Dolly the Sheep after Dolly Parton because the DNA used came from mammary gland cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the pedigree shown in the additional information?

To analyze the pattern of inheritance of genetic diseases Signup and view all the answers

What type of chromosomal abnormalities are discussed in the text?

Both numerical and structural abnormalities Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a type of replacement therapy in the text?

Dietary manipulation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a treatment for triplet repeat expansion disorders?

Steroids to slow muscle strength decline Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of triplet repeat expansion disorders?

Neurological problems Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a triplet repeat expansion disorder mentioned in the text?

Cystic fibrosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of triplet repeat expansion disorders mentioned in the text?

They exhibit genetic anticipation Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)?

Keeps glutathione reduced to prevent RBC oxidation Signup and view all the answers

What is the prevalence of G6PD deficiency among Filipinos?

1 out of 52 Signup and view all the answers

What is the central tenet of molecular genetics?

The information encoded in DNA is transcribed into mRNA for protein production. Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct order of the processes involved in protein production?

Replication, Transcription, Translocation Signup and view all the answers

What process must the mRNA undergo before it is transported to the cytoplasm?

Processing to become functional Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the amino acid wheel?

To illustrate the triplet codons for each amino acid Signup and view all the answers

What are the stop codons in the genetic code?

UAA, UGA, UAG Signup and view all the answers

What can cause genetic variations in the process of producing proteins?

Both substitution and deletion of nucleotides Signup and view all the answers