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Questions and Answers
Organisms that are considered polyploid have:
Organisms that are considered polyploid have:
The chemical mutagen ethylmethane sulfonate (EMS) was used to treat cells, and after 24 hours of incubation, DNA was isolated from these cells and sent for sequencing. Based on the DNA sequence from untreated cells, those treated with EMS showed several of which of the following conversions?
The chemical mutagen ethylmethane sulfonate (EMS) was used to treat cells, and after 24 hours of incubation, DNA was isolated from these cells and sent for sequencing. Based on the DNA sequence from untreated cells, those treated with EMS showed several of which of the following conversions?
One common difference between meiosis and mitosis is that in meiosis, the end result is:
One common difference between meiosis and mitosis is that in meiosis, the end result is:
Which of the following tests is used to determine if different recessive mutations are in the same gene?
Which of the following tests is used to determine if different recessive mutations are in the same gene?
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A mutation that changes a cysteine codon to a tryptophan codon is called a
A mutation that changes a cysteine codon to a tryptophan codon is called a
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Crossing of a homozygous wild type with a mutant that is heterozygous for a dominant mutation will result in F₁ progeny of which
Crossing of a homozygous wild type with a mutant that is heterozygous for a dominant mutation will result in F₁ progeny of which
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A mutation in one gene that counteracts the effects of a mutation in another gene is known as a
A mutation in one gene that counteracts the effects of a mutation in another gene is known as a
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A recombinant DNA vector:
A recombinant DNA vector:
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A polylinker increases the versatility of a DNA plasmid because it contains:
A polylinker increases the versatility of a DNA plasmid because it contains:
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You have an E. coli plasmid containing a mammalian cDNA and want to isolate the cDNA to use in another experiment. The plasmid map reveals that you can isolate the complete cDNA by digesting the plasmid with EcoRI. How many bands would there be after a successful EcoRI restriction enzyme digest?
You have an E. coli plasmid containing a mammalian cDNA and want to isolate the cDNA to use in another experiment. The plasmid map reveals that you can isolate the complete cDNA by digesting the plasmid with EcoRI. How many bands would there be after a successful EcoRI restriction enzyme digest?
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Construction of a cDNA library involves several steps, the first usually involves:
Construction of a cDNA library involves several steps, the first usually involves:
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Sequencing methods were used to test the integrity of the cDNA library and when this was done you found many of the sequences were those found in introns. After troubleshooting you determined that the reason these intronic sequences were present was because during the construction of this cDNA library:
Sequencing methods were used to test the integrity of the cDNA library and when this was done you found many of the sequences were those found in introns. After troubleshooting you determined that the reason these intronic sequences were present was because during the construction of this cDNA library:
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In addition to sequencing, intronic sequences can be identified in a genomic DNA library using which of the following methods?
In addition to sequencing, intronic sequences can be identified in a genomic DNA library using which of the following methods?
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Which of the following series of steps does the polymerase chain reaction follow in order to amplify DNA in a test tube?
Which of the following series of steps does the polymerase chain reaction follow in order to amplify DNA in a test tube?
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You want to amplify a region of yeast DNA using PCR so that this fragment can be cloned into a plasmid. Which of the following is needed for the PCR?
You want to amplify a region of yeast DNA using PCR so that this fragment can be cloned into a plasmid. Which of the following is needed for the PCR?
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To see if your polymerase chain reaction was successful and it amplified the right sequence of interest, you electrophorese the products from the reaction on an agarose gel. After staining the gel you find there are two bands of different sizes. Which one of the following is a possible explanation for these results?
To see if your polymerase chain reaction was successful and it amplified the right sequence of interest, you electrophorese the products from the reaction on an agarose gel. After staining the gel you find there are two bands of different sizes. Which one of the following is a possible explanation for these results?
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Which of the following polymerase chain reaction techniques is widely used to study the amount of a specific mRNA within a cell or tissue?
Which of the following polymerase chain reaction techniques is widely used to study the amount of a specific mRNA within a cell or tissue?
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Which of the following enzymes will produce a blunt end (the cut site is indicated by the * in the recognition sequence)?
Which of the following enzymes will produce a blunt end (the cut site is indicated by the * in the recognition sequence)?
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DNA ligase
DNA ligase
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Which of the following is a functional element of a plasmid?
Which of the following is a functional element of a plasmid?
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Next generation sequencing is much more efficient than the Sanger method because
Next generation sequencing is much more efficient than the Sanger method because
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A specific nucleic acid fragment is used in all but one of the following techniques?
A specific nucleic acid fragment is used in all but one of the following techniques?
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Which of the following is used to compare gene expression in cells under different conditions?
Which of the following is used to compare gene expression in cells under different conditions?
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The process by which genes cloned into specialized eukaryotic vectors are introduced into cultured animal cells for transient expression analysis is called:
The process by which genes cloned into specialized eukaryotic vectors are introduced into cultured animal cells for transient expression analysis is called:
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You are growing a population of cells that appear to be resistant to G418, a chemical that is normally toxic to cells. Upon further analysis of the cells' genome you find that it contains a genomic sequence that encodes the protein neomycin phosphotransferase. What would you do to test if this protein confers resistance to the G418 chemical?
You are growing a population of cells that appear to be resistant to G418, a chemical that is normally toxic to cells. Upon further analysis of the cells' genome you find that it contains a genomic sequence that encodes the protein neomycin phosphotransferase. What would you do to test if this protein confers resistance to the G418 chemical?
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Modifying the DNA sequence of a gene of interest by appending to it a DNA sequence that encodes a stretch of amino acids recognized by a known monoclonal antibody is called:
Modifying the DNA sequence of a gene of interest by appending to it a DNA sequence that encodes a stretch of amino acids recognized by a known monoclonal antibody is called:
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Northern blotting is a technique used to detect which one of the following in cells and tissues?
Northern blotting is a technique used to detect which one of the following in cells and tissues?
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In the large-scale production of a particular human protein in E. coli cells, the cDNA corresponding to the protein was modified so that the expressed protein would have six histidine residues at the C-terminus. The purpose of this modification was to
In the large-scale production of a particular human protein in E. coli cells, the cDNA corresponding to the protein was modified so that the expressed protein would have six histidine residues at the C-terminus. The purpose of this modification was to
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In situ hybridization is a powerful tool used in gene expression studies because it provides the investigator with information pertaining to
In situ hybridization is a powerful tool used in gene expression studies because it provides the investigator with information pertaining to
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Which human disease is the result of an inherited X-liked recessive mutation?
Which human disease is the result of an inherited X-liked recessive mutation?
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Microsatellites, which often vary in DNA sequence between individuals, are also called:
Microsatellites, which often vary in DNA sequence between individuals, are also called:
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Linkage studies can map disease genes with a resolution of about one centimorgan. Typically, the physical distance of a DNA region this size is approximately:
Linkage studies can map disease genes with a resolution of about one centimorgan. Typically, the physical distance of a DNA region this size is approximately:
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A haplotype is a set of closely linked genetic markers on a particular chromosome that tend to be inherited together. The genetic technique that looks at inheritance patterns and uses haplotypes in determining gene locations is:
A haplotype is a set of closely linked genetic markers on a particular chromosome that tend to be inherited together. The genetic technique that looks at inheritance patterns and uses haplotypes in determining gene locations is:
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Although small hairpin RNAs are used in RNAi-mediated destruction of a target mRNA, in order for them to be effective, the double-stranded RNA must be cleaved by which of one of the following?
Although small hairpin RNAs are used in RNAi-mediated destruction of a target mRNA, in order for them to be effective, the double-stranded RNA must be cleaved by which of one of the following?
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CRISPR, one of the latest technologies to allow investigators to edit DNA sequences within a genome, can inactivate gene function if it produces a frameshift mutation leading to which one of the following sequences?
CRISPR, one of the latest technologies to allow investigators to edit DNA sequences within a genome, can inactivate gene function if it produces a frameshift mutation leading to which one of the following sequences?
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A step in the generation of knockout mutations in mice includes selection of embryonic stem (ES) cells that are
A step in the generation of knockout mutations in mice includes selection of embryonic stem (ES) cells that are
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As an investigator you want to functionally inactivate a gene without altering its sequence. Which of the following would you use to accomplish this?
As an investigator you want to functionally inactivate a gene without altering its sequence. Which of the following would you use to accomplish this?
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Study Notes
Molecular Genetic Techniques
- Organisms considered polyploid have more than two copies of each chromosome.
- Ethylmethane sulfonate (EMS) treatment converts G-C base pairs to A-T base pairs in DNA.
- Meiosis results in four cells, each with one chromosome.
- Complementation tests determine if different recessive mutations are in the same gene.
- A missense mutation changes a codon to code for a different amino acid.
- Crossing a homozygous wild-type with a heterozygous mutant results in offspring where half show the wild-type phenotype and half show the mutant phenotype.
- Suppressor mutations counteract the effects of mutations in another gene.
- Temperature-sensitive mutations express a wild-type phenotype at one temperature and a mutant phenotype at another.
- A recombinant DNA vector contains DNA sequences that can be cleaved by restriction enzymes.
- A polylinker increases the versatility of a DNA plasmid because it contains DNA recognition sequences for several different restriction enzymes.
- A successful EcoRI restriction enzyme digest of a plasmid with mammalian cDNA will yield two bands.
- Construction of a cDNA library typically starts with isolating total RNA.
- Sequencing can reveal intronic sequences in a genomic DNA library.
- The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplifies DNA using DNA denaturation, primer annealing, and primer elongation.
- Taq polymerase is used in PCR.
- PCR can be used to see if the right sequence was amplified. The unsuccessful amplification may result in two bands of different sizes.
- Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR is used to study the amount of specific mRNA.
- Enzymes that produce blunt ends include EcoRV.
- DNA ligase forms phosphodiester bonds and joins Okazaki fragments.
- Plasmids are functional elements that contain origins of replication, drug resistance genes, and polylinker sequences.
- Next generation sequencing is more efficient than Sanger sequencing because it uses PCR amplification.
- Microarrays and northern blots can analyze gene expression but microarrays are more useful for global analysis whereas northern blots offer more RNA information.
- Genes are more complicated to identify if they are part of a genetic heterogeneity or if they are polygenic traits.
- Linkage studies can map disease genes.
- A DNA region showing one centimorgan distance is roughly 7.5x105 base pairs.
- A haplotype is a set of closely linked genetic markers that tend to be inherited together. Linkage disequilibrium mapping looks at inheritance patterns using haplotypes to locate genes.
- Epitope tagging is used to modify a gene sequence of interest and to append a DNA sequence that encodes a known monoclonal antibody.
- Northern blotting is used to detect RNA in cells.
- Knock-out mice with a loxP-Cre system can be studied in post embryonic stages with a specific promoter using a standardized procedure which results in the loss of the target gene in specific tissues.
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Description
Test your knowledge on molecular genetic techniques including polyploidy, mutational analysis, and recombinant DNA technology. This quiz covers fundamental concepts like meiosis, complementation tests, and various types of mutations. Challenge yourself to understand the complexities of genetics!
