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Questions and Answers
What happens to the molecules once the concentrations are equal?
What happens to the molecules once the concentrations are equal?
- They start moving slower
- They continue to move governed by self-diffusion (correct)
- They stop moving completely
- They start moving faster
Which factors affect the rate of molecular diffusion?
Which factors affect the rate of molecular diffusion?
- Concentration gradient, temperature, and viscosity
- Temperature, viscosity, and size of particles (correct)
- Viscosity, concentration gradient, and size of particles
- Temperature, concentration gradient, and size of particles
What is the result of diffusion?
What is the result of diffusion?
- Formation of dynamic equilibrium
- Gradual mixing of material with uniform distribution of molecules (correct)
- Formation of concentration gradient
- Complete separation of molecules
In a phase with uniform temperature and no external net forces, what is the process governing molecular diffusion?
In a phase with uniform temperature and no external net forces, what is the process governing molecular diffusion?
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What is the term used for the state when molecular diffusion has reached equilibrium?
What is the term used for the state when molecular diffusion has reached equilibrium?
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Study Notes
Molecular Concentration and Equilibrium
- Molecules continue to move randomly even after concentrations are equal.
- Net movement of molecules ceases when equilibrium is reached, but individual molecular movement persists.
Factors Affecting Molecular Diffusion
- Concentration Gradient: Greater differences in concentration speed up diffusion.
- Temperature: Higher temperatures increase molecular kinetic energy, enhancing diffusion rates.
- Molecular Size: Smaller molecules diffuse more quickly than larger ones.
- Medium: Diffusion occurs faster in gases than in liquids, and slowest in solids due to closer molecular packing.
Result of Diffusion
- Established uniform distribution of molecules across a space, leading to equilibrium.
- Redistribution of substances enables the mixing of different gases or solutes in solutions.
Governing Process in Equilibrium
- In uniform temperature and without external forces, molecular diffusion is governed by Brownian motion.
- Continuous, random movement of molecules ensures equilibrium state is maintained.
Equilibrium State Terminology
- The term "Diffusion Equilibrium" describes the state when molecular diffusion has reached balance and concentration gradients are uniform.
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