Molecular Diagnostics: DNA Amplification Methods

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Questions and Answers

What is the name of the scientist who invented the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method?

  • Kary B. Mullis (correct)
  • Buckingham
  • La Jolla
  • Taq polymerase

What is the primary function of the primers in PCR?

  • To denature the DNA template
  • To extend the binding site of the opposite primer
  • To bind to the complementary strand of the target fragment (correct)
  • To synthesize new strands of DNA

What is the purpose of heating the DNA template in PCR?

  • To extend the binding site of the primer
  • To cool the reaction mixture
  • To denature the DNA template (correct)
  • To promote primer annealing

What is the result of the PCR process?

<p>Amplification of the target fragment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the enzyme used in PCR?

<p>Taq polymerase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of PCR technology?

<p>It is a widely used method of nucleic acid amplification (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is target amplification similar to?

<p>Growing cells in culture and allowing them to multiply (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of target amplification over cell culture?

<p>It takes minutes to hours to replicate nucleic acid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first and most used method for amplifying target nucleic acid?

<p>PCR (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1993?

<p>Kary B. Mullis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What will be discussed in this topic?

<p>The components and variants of PCR (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of this topic?

<p>To explore the applications of PCR and its variants (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of repeating the steps of denaturation, annealing, and extension in PCR?

<p>An exponential increase in the total number of target DNA copies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the temperature range for the annealing step in PCR?

<p>50-70°C (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the denaturation step in PCR?

<p>To separate the DNA strands (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the optimal temperature range for DNA polymerase to act in PCR?

<p>68-72°C (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an important parameter in PCR primer design?

<p>GC content (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the formula for the number of PCR product copies?

<p>2ˆN (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major advantage of multiplex PCR over singleplex PCR?

<p>Reduced reagent usage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of using sequence-specific PCR?

<p>To design primers with specific mismatch principles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common problem encountered during multiplex PCR?

<p>Uneven amplification (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary application of multiplex PCR in a clinical molecular laboratory?

<p>To detect different pathogens in a single tube (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who first reported multiplex PCR in 1988?

<p>Chamberlain et al. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of PCR involves using RNA templates?

<p>Reverse transcriptase PCR (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between real-time PCR and conventional PCR?

<p>Amplification process detection (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the CT (threshold cycle) parameter represent?

<p>The cycle number at which fluorescence exceeds the fixed threshold (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of real-time PCR quantitation?

<p>Elimination of post-PCR processing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the fluorescence threshold signify?

<p>A fixed level significantly above the baseline fluorescence level (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correlation between the starting copy number of the nucleic acid target and the fluorescence increase?

<p>The higher the starting copy number, the sooner the fluorescence increase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of setting a fixed fluorescence threshold?

<p>To determine the CT parameter (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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