Molecular Compounds and Their Properties

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following describes the properties of molecular compounds?

  • Low melting and boiling points (correct)
  • High melting and boiling points
  • They exist only as gases
  • Only exist as solid forms

What type of bond is formed when two atoms share one pair of electrons?

  • Single covalent bond (correct)
  • Double covalent bond
  • Triple covalent bond
  • Coordinate covalent bond

Which of the following pairs of elements are most likely to form a molecular compound?

  • Lithium and Sulfur
  • Oxygen and Fluorine (correct)
  • Calcium and Iodine
  • Sodium and Chlorine

What is represented by each dot in a Lewis Dot Diagram?

<p>Valence electrons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the VSEPR theory explain about molecular shape?

<p>The repulsion between electron pairs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a coordinate covalent bond?

<p>One atom donates both bonding electrons (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding diatomic molecules?

<p>They often consist of nonmetals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of shared valence electrons in covalent bonding?

<p>They ensure stability by filling outer shells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which element is not considered part of the 'Heavenly Seven' diatomic molecules?

<p>Carbon (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during resonance in molecular compounds?

<p>Multiple valid electron dot formulas can be drawn (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a molecular formula from a chemical formula?

<p>A molecular formula represents only nonmetals. (C), A molecular formula shows the types of atoms in a substance. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about covalent bonds is accurate?

<p>Covalent bonds form between nonmetals with similar electronegativities. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is true about resonance in molecular compounds?

<p>Resonance occurs when multiple valid Lewis structures can be drawn. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many pairs of electrons are shared in a double covalent bond?

<p>Two pairs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which state can molecular compounds exist?

<p>As solids, liquids, and gases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements correctly describes the VSEPR theory?

<p>It explains how electrons repel each other to shape molecules. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role did G.N. Lewis play in the study of chemical bonding?

<p>He published the theory of chemical bonding. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of a coordinate covalent bond?

<p>One atom donates both of the electrons in the bond. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of the 'Heavenly Seven' diatomic molecules?

<p>Bromine gas (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What property is associated with molecular compounds typically?

<p>Low melting and boiling points (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bond occurs when two nonmetallic elements share valence electrons?

<p>Covalent bond (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes a single covalent bond?

<p>Sharing of one pair of electrons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main prerequisite for forming a covalent bond between two nonmetals?

<p>Similar electronegativities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the 'Heavenly Seven' is true?

<p>They include hydrogen and chlorine. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bond is formed when one atom donates a complete pair of electrons?

<p>Coordinate covalent bond (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does VSEPR theory help to determine in molecular compounds?

<p>The shape of the molecule (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of molecular formula shows the number and kinds of atoms present in a molecule?

<p>Molecular formula (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Resonance in a molecule indicates that:

<p>More than one valid electron dot formula can be drawn (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is associated with the properties of molecular compounds?

<p>Existence in multiple states: solid, liquid, and gas (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is TRUE about covalent bonds?

<p>They involve the sharing of electrons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Chemical Formula

A chemical formula representing the number and types of atoms in the smallest unit of a substance.

Molecular Formula

A chemical formula showing the exact number and types of atoms present in a single molecule.

Covalent Bond

A type of bond formed when two or more nonmetals share valence electrons.

Diatomic Molecules

Molecules containing two identical atoms bonded together.

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Lewis Dot Diagram

A diagram representing valence electrons as dots around an atom's symbol.

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Resonance

Occurs when two or more valid Lewis dot structures can be drawn for a molecule, indicating electron delocalization.

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VSEPR Theory

A model explaining molecular shapes based on the repulsion of electron pairs around a central atom.

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Coordinate Covalent Bond

A covalent bond formed when one atom contributes both electrons to the shared pair.

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Electronegativity

The ability of an atom in a molecule to attract electrons towards itself.

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Single Covalent Bond

A covalent bond formed when two atoms share one pair of electrons.

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Molecule

The smallest unit of a substance that retains the chemical properties of that substance.

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Double Covalent Bond

A covalent bond where two atoms share two pairs of electrons.

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Triple Covalent Bond

A covalent bond where two atoms share three pairs of electrons.

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What is a chemical formula?

A chemical formula that shows the number and types of atoms present in the smallest representative unit of a substance.

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What is a molecular formula?

A chemical formula that shows the number and kinds of atoms present in a molecule of a compound, specifically made up of nonmetals.

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What is a covalent bond?

A bond formed when two or more nonmetals share valence electrons.

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What are diatomic molecules?

Molecules consisting of two identical atoms bonded together.

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What are valence electrons?

Electrons located in the outermost shell of an atom, involved in chemical bonding.

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What are Lewis dot diagrams?

Diagrams representing valence electrons as dots around an atom's symbol.

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What is the VSEPR theory?

A model explaining molecular shapes based on the repulsion of electron pairs around a central atom.

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What is a coordinate covalent bond?

A covalent bond formed when one atom contributes both electrons to the shared pair.

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What is electronegativity?

The ability of an atom in a molecule to attract electrons towards itself.

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What is resonance?

The tendency of molecules to have differing arrangements of electrons due to the presence of multiple valid Lewis structures.

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Study Notes

Molecular Compound Properties

  • Molecular compounds have low melting and boiling points, like sugar.
  • They can exist as solids, liquids, or gases.
  • Molecular compounds form through the sharing of valence electrons.
  • Molecular compounds are formed between two or more nonmetallic elements with similar electronegativities; these are also known as covalent bonds.

Chemical Formulas

  • A chemical formula shows the types and number of atoms in the smallest unit of a substance.
  • A molecular formula shows the types and number of atoms in a molecule of a compound (only for nonmetals).
  • Diatomic molecules include hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine (the "heavenly seven").

Molecular Compounds

  • Molecular compounds contain covalent bonds, formed by the sharing of valence electrons between nonmetals.
  • Each covalent bond involves two shared electrons.

Properties of Covalent Bonding

  • Covalent bonds form when two or more nonmetals share valence electrons, causing their valence orbitals to overlap.
  • This leads to a stable octet arrangement for each atom.
  • The bond is a balance of attractive and repulsive forces.

Lewis Dot Diagrams

  • Lewis dot diagrams use dots to represent valence electrons.
  • G.N. Lewis developed this method to visually represent chemical bonding.
  • He published his theory in 1916.
  • Each atom works to fill its outermost electron shell to achieve a stable configuration, similar to noble gases (which already have full electron shells).

Types of Covalent Bonds

  • Single covalent bond: Two atoms share one pair of electrons.
  • Double covalent bond: Two atoms share two pairs of electrons.
  • Triple covalent bond: Two atoms share three pairs of electrons.
  • Coordinate covalent bond: One atom donates both electrons in the shared pair.

Resonance

  • Resonance occurs when multiple valid electron dot formulas can be written for a molecule.

VSEPR Theory

  • The VSEPR theory (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) explains molecular shapes.
  • Valence electron pairs repel each other, causing the molecule to adjust its shape to maximize the distance between these pairs.

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