17 Questions
This is because the free energy of multiple bonds between two molecules is greater than the sum of the enthalpies of each bond due to ______ effects.
entropic
Ionic bonds are commonly formed between a ______ and a nonmetal.
metal
Sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl) combine to form stable crystals of sodium chloride (NaCl), also known as common ______.
salt
Magnesium (Mg) and oxygen (O) combine to form magnesium oxide (MgO), which involves ______ bonds.
ionic
Ions are formed when an atom loses or gains an ______.
electron
___________ forces are a type of noncovalent interaction that includes London dispersion forces.
Van der Waals
Two atoms of hydrogen combine with one atom of oxygen to form a polar molecule of water through ___________ bonds.
hydrogen
___________ interactions are a type of noncovalent bonding that is dominant in supramolecular chemistry.
hydrophobic
Boron and three hydrogens combine to form the polar molecule borane through ___________ bonds.
ionic
Noncovalent bonding refers to interactions between molecules or parts of molecules that provide force to hold them together, including ___________ forces.
Dipole-dipole
In general, noncovalent bonding includes various interactions that are not covalent in nature, such as ___________ bonds.
hydrogen
Potassium (K) and chlorine (Cl) combine to form potassium chloride (KCl) is an example of ______ bond.
ionic
Calcium (Ca) and fluorine (F) combine to form calcium fluoride (CaF2) is an example of ______ bond.
ionic
Hydrogen bond is a chemical bond between a hydrogen atom and an ______ atom.
electronegative
In chloroform (CH3Cl) and ammonia (NH3), ______ bonding occurs between the hydrogen of one molecule and carbon/nitrogen of another.
hydrogen
Van der Waals forces are ______ forces between molecules.
weak
Dipole-dipole attraction between molecules is an example of ______ bonds.
dipole-dipole
Study Notes
Chemical Compounds
- Potassium (K) and chlorine (Cl) combine to form potassium chloride (KCl)
- Calcium (Ca) and fluorine (F) combine to form calcium fluoride (CaF2)
- One atom of carbon (C) combines with two atoms of oxygen (O) to form a double covalent bond in carbon dioxide (CO2)
- Two atoms of hydrogen (H) combine with one atom of oxygen (O) to form a polar molecule of water (H2O)
- Boron (B) and three hydrogens (H) combine to form the polar borane (BH3)
- Sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl) combine to form stable crystals of sodium chloride (NaCl), also known as common salt
- Magnesium (Mg) and oxygen (O) combine to form magnesium oxide (MgO)
Hydrogen Bonds
- A hydrogen bond is a chemical bond between a hydrogen atom and an electronegative atom
- It is a particular type of dipole-dipole attraction between molecules
- Hydrogen atom is covalently bonded to a very electronegative atom, resulting in a positive charge, which is then attracted towards an electronegative atom
- Examples of hydrogen bonding include:
- Hydrogen atom from one molecule of water bonds with the oxygen atom from another molecule
- Hydrogen bonding occurs between the hydrogen of one molecule and carbon/nitrogen of another in chloroform (CH3Cl) and ammonia (NH3)
- Nitrogen bases present in DNA are held together by a hydrogen bond
Noncovalent Bonds
- Noncovalent bonding refers to a variety of interactions that are not covalent in nature between molecules or parts of molecules
- It provides force to hold the molecules or parts of molecules together, usually in a specific orientation or conformation
- Noncovalent bonding is the dominant type of bonding in supramolecular chemistry
- Noncovalent interactions include:
- Ionic bonds
- Hydrophobic interactions
- Hydrogen bonds
- Van der Waals forces, also known as "London dispersion forces"
- Dipole-dipole bonds
Ionic Bonds
- Ionic bonds are a result of the attraction between ions
- Ions are formed when an atom loses or gains an electron
- These types of bonds are commonly formed between a metal and a nonmetal
Test your knowledge on chemical bonding by identifying the correct combinations of atoms to create compounds like carbon dioxide, water, and borane. Understand the concept of covalent bonds and polar molecules in this quiz.
Make Your Own Quizzes and Flashcards
Convert your notes into interactive study material.
Get started for free
