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Molecular Biology: tRNA Structure and Function

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Questions and Answers

What is the role of transfer RNA (tRNA) in translation?

To carry a specific amino acid to a ribosome (correct)
To synthesize a polypeptide chain from a sequence of codons
To transcribe DNA templates into mRNA sequences
To recognize complementary mRNA codons for translation

What is the function of the anticodon on tRNA?

To synthesize a polypeptide chain from a sequence of codons
To carry the amino acid to the ribosome
To recognize and bind to the ribosome
To base-pair with a complementary codon on mRNA (correct)

What is the purpose of the 3 stages of translation?

To synthesize a polypeptide chain from a sequence of codons
To recognize and bind to the ribosome
To transcribe DNA into mRNA sequences
To assemble a polypeptide from a sequence of codons (correct)

What is the role of polyribosomes in translation?

To assemble multiple polypeptide chains simultaneously (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase in translation?

To activate tRNA by attaching an amino acid (C) Signup and view all the answers

How do tRNA molecules recognize complementary mRNA codons?

Through complementary base-pairing of the anticodon (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of tRNA in protein synthesis?

To recognize complimentary codons on the mRNA and bring the corresponding amino acid to the ribosome (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical length of a tRNA molecule?

80 nucleotides (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why are there only 45 types of tRNA, despite the existence of 61 codons on the mRNA?

Because some tRNAs can recognize multiple codons (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the 'wobble' base pairing rule in protein synthesis?

It allows for the recognition of multiple codons by a single tRNA (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the attachment site at the 3' end of a tRNA molecule?

To bind the amino acid during aminoacylation (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase?

To catalyze the addition of a specific amino acid to a tRNA molecule (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the site on the ribosome where the tRNA carrying the growing polypeptide chain is located?

P site (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the ribosomal RNA (rRNA) in protein synthesis?

To form the structure of the ribosome (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the A site on the ribosome?

To carry the tRNA molecule with the next amino acid (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the tRNA anticodon in protein synthesis?

To recognize the mRNA codon and facilitate the binding of tRNA to the ribosome (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between the ribosomes of prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

Prokaryotic ribosomes have a different rRNA composition compared to eukaryotic ribosomes (C) Signup and view all the answers

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