Molecular Biology: tRNA Structure and Function
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Questions and Answers

What is the role of transfer RNA (tRNA) in translation?

  • To carry a specific amino acid to a ribosome (correct)
  • To synthesize a polypeptide chain from a sequence of codons
  • To transcribe DNA templates into mRNA sequences
  • To recognize complementary mRNA codons for translation

    • What is the function of the anticodon on tRNA?

  • To synthesize a polypeptide chain from a sequence of codons
  • To carry the amino acid to the ribosome
  • To recognize and bind to the ribosome
  • To base-pair with a complementary codon on mRNA (correct)

    • What is the purpose of the 3 stages of translation?

  • To synthesize a polypeptide chain from a sequence of codons
  • To recognize and bind to the ribosome
  • To transcribe DNA into mRNA sequences
  • To assemble a polypeptide from a sequence of codons (correct)

    • What is the role of polyribosomes in translation?

    <p>To assemble multiple polypeptide chains simultaneously</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase in translation?

    <p>To activate tRNA by attaching an amino acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do tRNA molecules recognize complementary mRNA codons?

    <p>Through complementary base-pairing of the anticodon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of tRNA in protein synthesis?

    <p>To recognize complimentary codons on the mRNA and bring the corresponding amino acid to the ribosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical length of a tRNA molecule?

    <p>80 nucleotides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are there only 45 types of tRNA, despite the existence of 61 codons on the mRNA?

    <p>Because some tRNAs can recognize multiple codons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the 'wobble' base pairing rule in protein synthesis?

    <p>It allows for the recognition of multiple codons by a single tRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the attachment site at the 3' end of a tRNA molecule?

    <p>To bind the amino acid during aminoacylation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase?

    <p>To catalyze the addition of a specific amino acid to a tRNA molecule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the site on the ribosome where the tRNA carrying the growing polypeptide chain is located?

    <p>P site</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the ribosomal RNA (rRNA) in protein synthesis?

    <p>To form the structure of the ribosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the A site on the ribosome?

    <p>To carry the tRNA molecule with the next amino acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the tRNA anticodon in protein synthesis?

    <p>To recognize the mRNA codon and facilitate the binding of tRNA to the ribosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between the ribosomes of prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

    <p>Prokaryotic ribosomes have a different rRNA composition compared to eukaryotic ribosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

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