Molecular Biology: DNA Inhibition Mechanisms
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Questions and Answers

What is the spectrum of activity of rifampicin?

  • Only Gram -ve bacteria
  • Only Gram +ve bacteria
  • All bacteria
  • Gram +ve bacteria and some Gram -ve bacteria (correct)

What is the route of administration of rifampicin?

  • IM only
  • Topical only
  • SC only
  • PO or IV (correct)

What is the mechanism of action of rifampicin?

  • Inhibition of RNA polymerase
  • Inhibition of nucleotide synthesis
  • Inhibition of DNA gyrase
  • Binding to the enzyme and inducing conformational change (correct)

What is the metabolism of rifampicin?

<p>Liver only (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the side effect of metronidazole when consumed with alcohol?

<p>Disulfiram-like effect (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of infection is caused by Clostridioides difficile?

<p>Pseudomembranous colitis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a clinical indication for metronidazole?

<p>Infections caused by anaerobic bacteria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the side effect of metronidazole that affects the liver?

<p>Increased LFTs, cholestasis or mixed hepatitis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of infection is caused by Trichomonas vaginalis?

<p>Urogenital trichomoniasis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism by which sulphonamides inhibit bacterial growth?

<p>Bacteriostatic (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are sulphonamides not usually administered topically?

<p>Due to risk of allergic reactions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of resistance to sulphonamides?

<p>Production of an enzyme that is insensitive to the drug (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the exception to good oral absorption of sulphonamides?

<p>Sulfasalazine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main use of cotrimoxazole?

<p>Treatment of Pneumocystis jiroveci infections (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common side effect of sulphonamides?

<p>GI disturbances (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of methaemoglobinaemia caused by sulphonamides?

<p>Cyanosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the skin manifestation of hypersensitivity reaction to sulphonamides?

<p>Erythema multiforme (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of sulphomanides unbinding bilirubin from albumin?

<p>Increased blood level of bilirubin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of trimethoprim?

<p>Competing with folate for dihydrofolate reductase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the spectrum of activity of trimethoprim?

<p>Most bacterial pathogens, except enterococci and P.aeruginosa (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of trimethoprim on bacterial growth?

<p>Bacteriostatic (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the pharmacokinetic characteristic of trimethoprim?

<p>Fully absorbed in the GIT (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the risk associated with sulphomanides in premature infants?

<p>Risk of kernicterus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of trimethoprim on methotrexate and warfarin?

<p>Increased activity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the administration route of trimethoprim?

<p>PO only (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of orally administered trimethoprim can be recovered in the urine within 24 hours?

<p>60% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main use of trimethoprim?

<p>Urinary tract infections (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the combination of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim used for?

<p>Treating Pneumocystis jiroveci infections (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common side effect of trimethoprim?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do hypersensitivity reactions occur with cotrimoxazole?

<p>Due to the sulfamethoxazole component (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of using cotrimoxazole over trimethoprim?

<p>Cotrimoxazole has slowed resistance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of sulphonamides?

<p>Mimicking PABA to disrupt folate production (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for giving folic acid supplements with trimethoprim?

<p>To prevent folate deficiency (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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