Molecular Biology: RNA Functions
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Questions and Answers

Which sugar is present in RNA?

  • Fructose
  • Deoxyribose
  • Ribose (correct)
  • Glucose
  • What is the primary function of tRNA in protein synthesis?

  • To transport specific amino acids to ribosomes (correct)
  • To carry genetic information
  • To form ribosomal subunits
  • To serve as a template for mRNA
  • Which base is NOT found in RNA?

  • Cytosine (C)
  • Uracil (U)
  • Adenine (A)
  • Thymine (T) (correct)
  • Where is messenger RNA (mRNA) synthesized?

    <p>In the nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes RNA from DNA regarding its structure?

    <p>RNA has a ribose sugar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What composes the language of proteins?

    <p>Amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of codons in the process of protein synthesis?

    <p>They code for specific amino acids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the genetic code is true?

    <p>It is almost universal but has exceptions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bases are utilized by RNA as opposed to DNA?

    <p>A, G, C, and U</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of RNA polymerase in transcription?

    <p>To synthesize mRNA from a DNA template.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary enzyme responsible for synthesizing mRNA during transcription?

    <p>RNA polymerase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of ribosomes?

    <p>Site of translation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which site in the large subunit of the ribosome is responsible for tRNA exit?

    <p>E site</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two critical parts of tRNA involved in translation?

    <p>Anticodon and binding site for amino acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During transcription, what happens to the DNA strands after mRNA is synthesized?

    <p>They rejoin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of translation does the polypeptide chain increase in length?

    <p>Elongation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does translation occur?

    <p>In the ribosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the small ribosomal subunit attach to during initiation?

    <p>mRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What molecule brings the amino acids to the ribosomes during translation?

    <p>tRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the ribosome is primarily responsible for facilitating translation?

    <p>rRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for alternate forms of a gene?

    <p>Alleles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of mutation is caused by the insertion or deletion of a nucleotide?

    <p>Frameshift Mutation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a missense mutation?

    <p>Codes for a different amino acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a cause of mutations?

    <p>DNA repair enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of mutation is typically more severe?

    <p>Frameshift Mutation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the correct order of processes in gene expression?

    <p>DNA → mRNA → Protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the transcription process occur?

    <p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is produced during transcription?

    <p>mRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of genetic code, which nucleic acid uses Uracil (U)?

    <p>Both B and C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of proteins in gene expression?

    <p>They determine the structure and function of cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes a frameshift mutation?

    <p>Both B and C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does a frameshift mutation typically affect the reading frame?

    <p>It causes the reading frame to shift, altering the entire sequence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mutation is usually more severe?

    <p>Frameshift mutation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the frameshift mutation in the provided example?

    <p>Change in all subsequent amino acids produced</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the provided mutant DNA sequence specifically alter?

    <p>The sequence of amino acids produced</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs during the elongation stage of protein synthesis?

    <p>A tRNA molecule carrying a new amino acid enters the A site.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the stop codon play in protein synthesis?

    <p>It signals the end of the protein-coding sequence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process occurs after the formation of a peptide bond during elongation?

    <p>Movement of the ribosome along the mRNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of a release factor during termination?

    <p>To detach the polypeptide from the last tRNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following events is NOT part of the elongation stage?

    <p>A stop codon appears in the A site.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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