Molecular Biology Quiz on DNA and RNA Functions

<p>transfer RNA (tRNA) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Its ability to replicate itself accurately ensures that genetic information is passed on unchanged. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Unwind the DNA double helix ahead of the replication fork (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>HD proteins act only on single-stranded DNA, while topoisomerases act on double-stranded DNA. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They act as enzymes to unwind DNA. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To provide a template for DNA polymerase to synthesize new strands. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prokaryotes have a single origin of replication, while eukaryotes have multiple origins. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To remove mismatched nucleotides from the newly synthesized strand (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is the region where the two parental DNA strands separate and unwind. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They block DNA chain growth, slowing down cell division (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because replication proceeds in both directions from the origin of replication. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To provide a starting point for DNA polymerase to synthesize new DNA strands. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A change in the DNA sequence that adversely affects the organism's fitness. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It removes the mismatched base and replaces it with the correct base. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Unwinding the DNA double helix (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The leading strand is synthesized continuously, while the lagging strand is synthesized in fragments (Okazaki fragments). (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is used to add nucleotides to the growing DNA strand. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Remove nucleotides from a base paired region (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DNA ligase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>5'→3' exonuclease activity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DNA polymerase α (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Editing and repair of DNA (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Degrading improperly base paired nucleotides (B), Proofreading the newly synthesized DNA (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cleavage of ATP to AMP and PPi (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It synthesizes DNA until blocked by RNA primers. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>5’→3’ exonuclease removes one nucleotide at a time (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Locating the nick between DNA and RNA (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DNA polymerase Υ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>5'→3' (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>5'→3' exonuclease activity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DNA proofreading and synthesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Detection of incorrect base pairs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A stretch of RNA primer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The leading strand is synthesized continuously, while the lagging strand is synthesized in fragments. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It provides the necessary initiator sequence for DNA polymerase. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DNA polymerase III (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>5'→3' (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A short double-stranded region with a free OH group (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Discontinuous segments of DNA synthesized on the lagging strand. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ATP (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>As deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The process of removing nucleotides from DNA ends, either 5'→3' or 3'→5'.

Exonuclease activity that removes nucleotides from the 5' end of DNA.

Exonuclease activity that removes nucleotides from the 3' end of DNA.

Enzyme with exonuclease activity that repairs DNA and removes RNA primers.

Main enzyme in DNA replication for synthesizing new DNA strands.

Enzyme that connects DNA strands by forming phosphodiester bonds.

Process providing energy required for DNA ligation, breaking ATP into AMP and PPi.

Group of at least 15 DNA polymerases each with unique functions in DNA processes.

The continuous strand of DNA synthesized during DNA replication.

The discontinuous strand of DNA synthesized in short segments during DNA replication.

The activity where DNA polymerase adds nucleotides in a 5' to 3' direction during replication.

The proofreading function of DNA polymerase that removes incorrectly paired nucleotides.

The accuracy of DNA replication, ensuring that the nucleotide sequence is copied correctly.

Modified nucleotides that can block DNA replication and slow cell division.

The process by which DNA polymerase III removes incorrectly inserted nucleotides during replication.

Short DNA fragments synthesized on the lagging strand during replication.

Short RNA sequence that provides a starting point for DNA synthesis.

The end of a DNA or RNA strand that provides a site for nucleotide addition.

Process of adding nucleotides to the growing DNA strand, catalyzed by DNA polymerase.

DNA strands that run in opposite directions, essential for replication.

The process where DNA strands separate for replication.

The Y-shaped region where DNA strands unwind during replication.

Proteins that keep the DNA strands separated during replication.

Proteins that bind to and stabilize single-stranded DNA.

The starting point for DNA replication in prokaryotes.

DNA is a double-helix made of nucleotides, consisting of a sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base.

1. Percent guanine equals percent cytosine. 2) Percent thymine equals percent adenine. DNA composition varies by species.

RNA types include mRNA (carries codes), rRNA (part of ribosomes), and tRNA (transfers amino acids).

An X-ray diffraction image crucial for understanding DNA structure, taken by Rosalind Franklin.

An enzyme that synthesizes RNA from a DNA template, important for transcription.

The space between the 3' end of newly synthesized DNA and the 5' end of the RNA primer.