Questions and Answers
What do DNA and RNA have in common?
In a DNA double helix an adenine of one strand always pairs with a(n) _____ of the complementary strand, and a guanine of one strand always pairs with a(n) _____ of the complementary strand.
thymine...cytosine
Which one of the following is a list of the four bases contained in DNA?
What is the complementary base sequence for a DNA strand with the sequence ATAGGT?
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RNA contains the nitrogenous base ______ instead of ______, which is only found in DNA.
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Who discovered the structure of DNA?
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What is transcription?
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What does translation convert the information stored in RNA to?
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Where is translation accomplished?
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What is the ultimate source of all diversity?
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Which of the following processes occurs in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell?
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What is the flow of information in a cell?
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What does a mutagen cause?
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Study Notes
DNA and RNA Similarities
- DNA and RNA both consist of nucleotides, which are the basic building blocks of these nucleic acids.
- Both nucleic acids serve the primary function of storing genetic information.
- The structural difference includes the sugar present: DNA contains deoxyribose while RNA contains ribose.
Base Pairing in DNA
- In a DNA double helix, adenine (A) pairs with thymine (T), while guanine (G) pairs with cytosine (C).
- This complementary base pairing is crucial for the replication and transcription processes of DNA.
DNA Bases
- The four nitrogenous bases in DNA are adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T).
- These bases constitute the sequence of genetic information within DNA molecules.
Complementary Base Sequences
- Given a DNA strand with the sequence ATAGGT, the complementary strand will be TATCCA, showcasing the pairing rules.
RNA Differences
- RNA features uracil (U) instead of thymine (T), which is exclusive to DNA, marking a key distinction between the two nucleic acids.
Discovery of DNA Structure
- The structure of DNA was discovered by James Watson and Francis Crick, establishing the foundation for modern genetics.
Transcription Process
- Transcription refers to the process of synthesizing an RNA strand that is complementary to a DNA strand, essential for protein synthesis.
Translation Process
- Translation converts the information written in RNA into a polypeptide chain, which eventually folds into a functional protein.
Location of Translation
- Translation occurs at ribosomes, which can be found either free in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.
Source of Genetic Diversity
- Mutations represent the ultimate source of genetic diversity, introducing new variations in organisms.
Eukaryotic Cell Processes
- In eukaryotic cells, translation occurs in the cytoplasm, while transcription takes place in the nucleus prior to translation.
Flow of Genetic Information
- Genetic information flows from DNA to RNA to protein, a fundamental concept in molecular biology outlining the central dogma.
Effects of Mutagens
- Mutagens are agents that cause changes in the nucleotide sequence of DNA, potentially leading to mutations that may affect organismal traits or health.
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Description
Explore the fundamental concepts of DNA and RNA with these flashcards. This quiz delves into their structures, functions, and the concept of nucleotide pairing. Perfect for reinforcing your understanding of genetic information storage.
