Chapter 4 - MCQ Easy Level
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary role of DNA polymerase in PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)?

  • To repair damaged DNA
  • To replicate a specific segment of DNA (correct)
  • To cleave DNA fragments
  • To transcribe DNA into RNA

    • Which technique allows the amplification of a specific segment of DNA?

  • Southern blotting
  • DNA sequencing
  • Gel electrophoresis
  • PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) (correct)

    • What is the significance of recombinant DNA technology?

  • It allows the study of mutant phenotypes
  • It enables the cloning of specific DNA fragments in bacteria (correct)
  • It is the primary method for DNA sequencing
  • It is used for amplifying DNA segments

    • What is the main purpose of Southern blotting?

    <p>To separate and identify DNA fragments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of RNA interference (RNAi) in eukaryotic cells?

    <p>Regulating gene expression by silencing specific genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which experiment conclusively demonstrated that DNA, not protein, is the genetic material?

    <p>The Hershey-Chase experiment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fundamental property of all living things, according to the study of heredity?

    <p>The ability to reproduce</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is essential for the replication of DNA during PCR due to its ability to withstand high temperatures?

    <p>Taq polymerase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Meselson-Stahl experiment demonstrate about DNA replication?

    <p>It is a semi-conservative process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the method used to determine the sequence of nucleotides in a DNA molecule?

    <p>DNA sequencing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of restriction endonucleases in recombinant DNA technology?

    <p>To cut DNA at specific sequences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the DNA Provirus Hypothesis suggest?

    <p>Viral DNA can integrate into the host's genome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In genetic engineering, what are plasmid vectors used for?

    <p>To introduce foreign DNA into host cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of gel electrophoresis?

    <p>To separate DNA fragments based on their size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What plays a significant role in the regulation and expression of genetic information in eukaryotes, particularly in gene silencing?

    <p>RNA interference</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)?

    <p>To amplify a single DNA molecule to a detectable quantity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of gel electrophoresis in molecular biology?

    <p>To separate molecules based on size and charge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Southern blotting in molecular biology?

    <p>To detect specific DNA sequences in a sample through hybridization with a labeled probe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Meselson-Stahl experiment demonstrate?

    <p>The semiconservative model of DNA replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of a vector in molecular cloning?

    <p>Carries and replicates foreign DNA within a host cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Western blotting in molecular biology?

    <p>To identify specific proteins within a complex mixture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do dideoxynucleotides function in DNA sequencing?

    <p>Terminate DNA chain elongation by lacking a 3' hydroxyl group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of RNA splicing in molecular biology?

    <p>Removes introns from pre-mRNA to form mature mRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do restriction endonucleases function in recombinant DNA technology?

    <p>Cut DNA at specific sequences for manipulation and recombination of DNA fragments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Taq polymerase in PCR?

    <p>Synthesizes new strands of DNA and withstands high temperatures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical step in many molecular biology protocols, including DNA fingerprinting and cloning?

    <p>C and D are correct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Southern blotting in molecular biology?

    <p>To detect specific DNA sequences within a sample by transferring DNA from a gel to a membrane and hybridizing it with a labeled probe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of gel electrophoresis in molecular biology?

    <p>To separate molecules based on size and charge, a critical step in many molecular biology protocols, including DNA fingerprinting and cloning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of RNA interference?

    <p>Silencing gene expression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of restriction endonucleases in recombinant DNA technology?

    <p>Cut DNA at specific sequences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Hershey-Chase experiment establish?

    <p>DNA as the genetic material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method for detecting specific DNA sequences within a sample?

    <p>PCR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of transferring genetic information from DNA to RNA?

    <p>Transcription</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Meselson-Stahl experiment provide evidence for?

    <p>Semiconservative model of DNA replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure of DNA?

    <p>Double-stranded helix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a plasmid vector in molecular cloning carry into a host cell?

    <p>Foreign DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the DNA Provirus Hypothesis suggest?

    <p>Viral DNA integrates into the host genome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do dideoxynucleotides do in DNA sequencing?

    <p>Terminate DNA chain elongation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of molecular cloning?

    <p>Propagating individual DNA fragments in bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of RNA interference?

    <p>Silencing gene expression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of gel electrophoresis in molecular biology?

    <p>Separating DNA fragments based on their size and charge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of DNA ligase in recombinant DNA technology?

    <p>Joining together DNA fragments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of RNA interference (RNAi) in gene silencing?

    <p>Silencing specific genes by degrading mRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)?

    <p>Rapid amplification of specific DNA segments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of restriction endonucleases in molecular cloning?

    <p>Cutting DNA at specific recognition sites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Western blotting in molecular biology?

    <p>Detection and analysis of proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of recombinant DNA technology in the study of genes?

    <p>Allows for the study of genes within intact organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does RNA splicing involve in eukaryotes?

    <p>Removal of introns and joining of exons in mRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of Taq polymerase in PCR?

    <p>Synthesizing new DNA strands during the replication process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was demonstrated by the Avery-MacLeod-McCarty experiment?

    <p>DNA is the genetic material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of recombinant DNA technology in molecular biology?

    <p>Manipulating and recombining DNA fragments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of gel electrophoresis in molecular biology?

    <p>Separating DNA fragments based on their size and charge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of gel electrophoresis?

    <p>Separating DNA fragments based on their size and charge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of recombinant DNA technology in studying genes?

    <p>Allows for the study of genes within intact organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does PCR result in?

    <p>An exponential increase in the number of DNA molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Avery-MacLeod-McCarty experiment demonstrate about genetic material?

    <p>DNA is the genetic material, not proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does RNA splicing occur in eukaryotes?

    <p>After transcription but before translation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of DNA ligase in recombinant DNA technology?

    <p>Joining together DNA fragments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical use of Western blotting?

    <p>Detection and analysis of proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of PCR?

    <p>Rapid amplification of specific DNA segments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does RNA interference (RNAi) silence specific genes?

    <p>By degrading mRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of restriction endonucleases in molecular cloning?

    <p>Cutting DNA at specific recognition sites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Taq polymerase in PCR?

    <p>Synthesizing new DNA strands during the replication process</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What crucial role does gel electrophoresis play in molecular biology?

    <p>Analyzing DNA fragments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage of protein synthesis is genetic information used to assemble a specific protein?

    <p>Translation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does transcription primarily occur in eukaryotic cells?

    <p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process during which introns are removed, and a 5’ cap and a poly-A tail are added to the newly synthesized mRNA in eukaryotic cells?

    <p>mRNA Processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in the flow of genetic information, during which an mRNA molecule is synthesized from a specific DNA segment?

    <p>Transcription</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does translation take place in a cell?

    <p>Cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During translation, which molecules bring amino acids to the ribosome?

    <p>tRNA molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the order of amino acids in a protein during translation?

    <p>Sequence of codons on mRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are ribosomes located, where translation occurs?

    <p>Cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Molecular Biology Multiple-Choice Questions Summary

    • Gel electrophoresis is primarily used for separating DNA fragments based on their size and charge, not for amplifying, sequencing, or replicating DNA.
    • Recombinant DNA technology allows for the study of genes within intact organisms, offering a major advantage in the context of gene function in eukaryotes.
    • PCR results in an exponential increase in the number of DNA molecules through denaturation, annealing, and extension steps.
    • The Avery-MacLeod-McCarty experiment demonstrated that DNA is the genetic material, not proteins, by transforming non-virulent bacteria into virulent forms using purified DNA.
    • RNA splicing involves the removal of introns and joining of exons in mRNA in eukaryotes, occurring after transcription but before translation.
    • DNA ligase's purpose in recombinant DNA technology is to join together DNA fragments, such as in cloning or creating recombinant DNA molecules.
    • Western blotting is typically used for the detection and analysis of proteins, involving separating proteins by gel electrophoresis and transferring them to a membrane for detection.
    • PCR is used for the rapid amplification of specific DNA segments, making it possible to generate millions of copies of a particular DNA sequence from a small initial sample.
    • RNA interference (RNAi) silences specific genes by degrading mRNA, a natural cellular mechanism for gene silencing.
    • Restriction endonucleases cut DNA at specific recognition sites in molecular cloning, allowing for the manipulation and recombination of DNA fragments in various applications.
    • Taq polymerase in PCR is used to synthesize new DNA strands during the replication process, as it is a heat-stable enzyme that catalyzes the addition of nucleotides to the growing DNA chain.
    • Gel electrophoresis separates DNA fragments based on their size and charge, playing a crucial role in molecular biology for analyzing DNA fragments.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of molecular biology with these multiple-choice questions and concepts summary. Covering topics such as DNA replication, gene cloning, PCR, gel electrophoresis, and more, this quiz will challenge your understanding of fundamental molecular biology concepts and techniques.

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