Molecular Biology Overview Quiz

<p>DNA sequencing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The sequencing of the human genome. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Realising the practical uses of DNA discoveries in areas like industry and medicine. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A new era in biology. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Friedrich Miescher (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Frederick Griffith (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Characterizing and naming ribonucleic acid (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1970 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Frederick Sanger (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Developing In Vitro Amplification of DNA (PCR) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sequencing the entire human genome (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Watson and Crick (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True-breeding flower color. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Approximately one-quarter of the plants (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Individuals possess two alleles, and parents pass only one allele to their offspring. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Homozygous (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both its alleles and environment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Develop a vaccine against pneumonia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The mice remained healthy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The mice remained healthy. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The mice died. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>There was a transfer of some component from the S bacteria to the R bacteria. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The S strain covered itself with a polysaccharide capsule, protecting it from the host's immune system. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Simple growth requirements and rapid reproduction rate. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They introduce genetic material into bacteria, acting as cloning vectors. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Its fermentation processes and easy-to-study mutant strains aid in researching cell behavior. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It sequenced the entire human genome that led to the rise of bioinformatics and aided understanding of genetic disorders. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Creating databases to store and manage human genome sequence data. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DNA contains phosphorus, while protein contains sulfur. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To shear the viral protein shells off infecting cells. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In the supernatant containing the viral protein shells. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The transfer of radioactive phosphorus into the bacterial cytoplasm. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To act as a vector for introducing genetic material into bacteria. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phosphorus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enable the visualization and tracking of DNA and proteins. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They contained only $^{32}$P. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Proteins were the most likely candidates for carrying genetic information. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lysis of the bacteria (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Watson and Crick (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It demonstrated a heritable 'transforming principle'. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In Vitro Amplification of DNA (PCR) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Friedrich Miescher (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tetra nucleotide (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He developed recombinant DNA technology. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To map the entire human genome (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DNA sequencing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gregor Mendel (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Its emphasis on the study of cellular molecules and their interactions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It inaugurated a new era in biology, leading to understanding of the genetic code and protein synthesis. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Realizing the impact of the discovery for humanity across areas like medicine, industry, and agriculture. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It led to scientists quickly understanding that genes encode life's information. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DNA directs the synthesis of proteins. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They provided tools to solve complete genomes and improve the lives of humans. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It directs the synthesis of proteins. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can replicate DNA and synthesize proteins rapidly. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Expressed sequence tags. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It functions as a cloning vector in genetic engineering. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To optimize data analysis from genetic sequences. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It allows researchers to study fermentation processes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DNA contains phosphorus whereas protein does not. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The radioactive label was found only in the viral protein shells. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High-speed centrifugation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phosphorus-32. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>DNA is the genetic material that initiates infection. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To identify the genetic material in a virus. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>New phage particles contained only phosphorus-32. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sulfur. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Autoradiography. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It injects DNA into host cells. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The individual has one allele from each parent that are different. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All plants produced violet flowers. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The mice died of pneumonia. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It showed that R bacteria could be converted into S bacteria. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Only one of the two alleles from each parent is passed on. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Three-quarters of plants exhibited violet flowers. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A polysaccharide capsule. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The complete set of alleles an individual possesses. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They suggested that a 'transforming principle' could carry genetic information. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All injected mice died of pneumonia. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The study of cellular molecules and their interactions that are essential for cell functions.

The event that marked a new era in biology, revealing DNA as the genetic material.

The set of rules by which information encoded in DNA is translated into proteins.

The scientist known as the father of genetics for his work on heredity before DNA was discovered.

A method for copying a gene to produce identical copies for study or use.

The international scientific research project that sequenced the complete human genome by 2001.

Innovations such as DNA sequencing and genetic engineering that have propelled the field forward.

The process through which traits are passed from parents to offspring.

The acidic substance identified by Miescher, later known as DNA.

The concept that some material can change the traits of organisms, demonstrated by Griffith.

The molecule that carries genetic information in living organisms.

The shape of DNA, resembling a twisted ladder.

A method to combine DNA from different sources.

The process of determining the order of nucleotides in DNA.

A technique to amplify small segments of DNA.

Prokaryotic, unicellular organisms with a nucleoid region and one chromosome.

Viruses that infect bacteria and use the host's machinery to replicate.

Eukaryotic unicellular organisms, used in biochemical research and fermentation.

International project that sequenced the human genome, completed in 2003.

Short sequences of DNA used in the HGP to identify genes and their expression.

Experiments that demonstrated DNA is the genetic material of T2 bacteriophage.

A virus that infects bacteria, specifically E. coli.

Use of radioactive isotopes to trace DNA and protein in experiments.

Radioactive isotope used to label DNA in Hershey-Chase experiments.

Radioactive isotope used to label proteins in experiments.

The process where DNA from phages enters the host bacterial cell.

Technique used to separate components based on density after infection.

Process by which T2 bacteriophage injects DNA into E. coli bacteria.

New phage particles formed from the infected host's DNA post-infection.

Isolating viral components from host cells after infection.

The first generation of offspring from a genetic cross, exhibiting traits inherited from both parents.

The second generation of offspring, produced from crossing F1 individuals, showing a 3:1 trait ratio.

Mendel's rule stating that individuals have two alleles for each trait and only one is passed to offspring.

An individual with two identical alleles for a particular trait.

An individual with two different alleles for a specific trait.

The genetic constitution of an individual represented by its alleles.

The observable physical appearance of an organism determined by its genotype and environment.

A British bacteriologist known for discovering the transforming principle in bacteria.

A type of bacteria used by Griffith in his experiments, known for causing pneumonia.

The molecules, such as DNA and proteins, that interact to support cell functions.

DNA's discovery transformed biological science and understanding of genetics.

The process of deciphering how DNA translates into proteins.

Innovations that have advanced molecular biology, like DNA sequencing.

The complete mapping of the human genome completed in 2001.

Their discovery of DNA structure laid the foundation for modern genetics.

Potential benefits of DNA discoveries in various fields like medicine and agriculture.

Mendel crossed true-breeding violet and white flowers to study inheritance.

Levene characterized DNA's structure; 4 bases arranged in sets.

Gregor Mendel's initial genetic testing with pea plants, focusing on flower color.

An experiment demonstrating that heat-killed bacteria can transform live bacteria into pathogenic forms.

The process where bacteria take up foreign DNA and change characteristics.

Unicellular organisms with no true nucleus, like bacteria.

Objectives include sequencing the human genome and addressing ethical issues.

Using radioactive isotopes to trace DNA and proteins during experiments.

The process of radioactive phage DNA entering the cytoplasm of E. coli.